Introduction to Programming with C++ Fourth Edition Chapter 11: Arrays Introduction to Programming with C++ Fourth Edition

Objectives Declare and initialize a one-dimensional array Manipulate a one-dimensional array Pass a one-dimensional array to a function Use parallel one-dimensional arrays Declare and initialize a two-dimensional array Enter data into a two-dimensional array Introduction to Programming with C++, Fourth Edition

Using Arrays Simple or scalar variable - one that is unrelated to any other variable in memory Array - a group of variables that have the same name and data type and are related in some way Introduction to Programming with C++, Fourth Edition

One-Dimensional Arrays Each variable in a one-dimensional array is identified by a unique number called a subscript The subscript indicates the variable’s position in the array First variable in a one-dimensional array is assigned a subscript of 0 (zero), the second a subscript of 1 (one), and so on Elements – array variables Introduction to Programming with C++, Fourth Edition

Names of the Variables in a One-Dimensional Array Named prices Introduction to Programming with C++, Fourth Edition

Declaring and Initializing One-Dimensional Arrays Introduction to Programming with C++, Fourth Edition

The letters Array in Memory Introduction to Programming with C++, Fourth Edition

Storing Data in a One-Dimensional Array Introduction to Programming with C++, Fourth Edition

Manipulating One-Dimensional Arrays Display the contents of an array Access an array element using its subscript Search the array Calculate the average of the data stored in a numeric array Introduction to Programming with C++, Fourth Edition

Manipulating One-Dimensional Arrays (continued) Find the highest value stored in an array Update the array elements Sort the array elements Introduction to Programming with C++, Fourth Edition

Displaying the Contents of a One-Dimensional Array displayMonths() function – demonstrates how you can display the contents of the prices array Introduction to Programming with C++, Fourth Edition

displayMonths() Function Introduction to Programming with C++, Fourth Edition

Using the Subscript to Access an Element in a One-Dimensional Array Introduction to Programming with C++, Fourth Edition

Searching a One-Dimensional Array Search through an array looking for elements that are greater than a particular value Introduction to Programming with C++, Fourth Edition

Searching a One-Dimensional Array (continued) Introduction to Programming with C++, Fourth Edition

Calculating the Average Amount Stored in a One-Dimensional Numeric Array Introduction to Programming with C++, Fourth Edition

Determining the Highest Value Stored in a One-Dimensional Array Search through an array looking for an element whose value is larger than the largest value in the array so far (high) When the loop is finished, high will be the largest element in the array Introduction to Programming with C++, Fourth Edition

Determining the Highest Value Stored in a One-Dimensional Array (continued) Introduction to Programming with C++, Fourth Edition

Updating the Values Stored in a One-Dimensional Array Introduction to Programming with C++, Fourth Edition

Sorting the Data Stored in a One-Dimensional Array Arranging data in a specific order is called sorting Bubble sort algorithm: compare adjacent array elements and interchange (swap) the ones that are out of order Introduction to Programming with C++, Fourth Edition

Bubble Sort Introduction to Programming with C++, Fourth Edition

Passing a One-Dimensional Array to a Function Arrays are passed by reference Address of the first element is passed Include the name of the array in the function call Do not include the address-of (&) operator before the formal parameter’s name in the function header or prototype Formal parameter in the header/prototype should list data type, name, and empty square brackets Introduction to Programming with C++, Fourth Edition

Passing a One-Dimensional Array to a Function (continued) Introduction to Programming with C++, Fourth Edition

Using Parallel One-Dimensional Arrays Parallel arrays – two or more arrays whose elements are related by their position (subscript) in the arrays Introduction to Programming with C++, Fourth Edition

Using Parallel One-Dimensional Arrays (continued) Introduction to Programming with C++, Fourth Edition

Using Parallel One-Dimensional Arrays (continued) Introduction to Programming with C++, Fourth Edition

Two-Dimensional Arrays Two-dimensional array resembles a table Variables or elements are identified by a unique combination of two subscripts Subscripts specify the variable’s row and column position in the array Initialize elements by entering a separate initialValues section, enclosed in braces, for each row in the array Introduction to Programming with C++, Fourth Edition

Two-Dimensional Arrays (continued) Introduction to Programming with C++, Fourth Edition

Two-Dimensional Arrays (continued) Introduction to Programming with C++, Fourth Edition

Two-Dimensional Array in Memory Introduction to Programming with C++, Fourth Edition

Storing Data in a Two-Dimensional Array Introduction to Programming with C++, Fourth Edition

Storing Data in a Two-Dimensional Array (continued) Introduction to Programming with C++, Fourth Edition

Summary Array - a group of variables that have the same name and data type Subscript – a unique number assigned to each array element in memory One-dimensional array - a column of variables Two-dimensional array - resembles a table in that it has rows and columns You must declare all arrays and you should initialize them Introduction to Programming with C++, Fourth Edition

Summary (continued) Various array manipulations: Displaying the contents of an array Accessing an array element using its subscript Searching an array (“linear search”) Calculating the average of the data Finding the highest value stored in an array Updating the array elements Sorting the array elements Introduction to Programming with C++, Fourth Edition

Summary (continued) Arrays are passed to functions by reference Parallel arrays are two or more arrays whose elements are related by their subscript (or position) in the arrays Introduction to Programming with C++, Fourth Edition