Next Generation SDH LCAS Ethernet GFP VCAT

PDH BIT RATES E1-2048 Kbps (2MB) [30 Voice Channel]

SDH BIT RATES 1 E1 = 2048 kbps STM1 = 63 E1 + OH bytes = 155.52Mbps STM4 = 4*STM-1 =622.08 Mbps STM16 = 16*STM-1 = 2488.32 Mbps(2.5G) STM64 = 64*STM-1= 9953.28 Mbps

Limitations in traditional SDH No native data interfaces (e.g. Ethernet) Was designed for constant bit rate voice serices Requirement of SDH to Ethernet converters. Inefficient utilization of bandwidth. Granularity varies either to 2 Mbps or 34 Mbps or 140 Mbps

Next-Generation SDH Key feature: Data transport over SDH Data (e.g. Ethernet) interfaces on SDH Efficient Use of bandwidth Hitless increase/decrease of bandwidth Key technologies Generic Framing Protocol (GFP) ITU-T G7041 Virtual concatenation (VCAT) ITU-T G7042 Link Capacity Adjustment Scheme (LCAS) ITU-TG707

? That’s “ NGSDH “ NG SDH at the Edge GFP VC LCAS Customer Operator Core Adaptation Customer Operator SONET/ SDH SONET MUX/DEMUX Native Interfaces Ethernet Ficon Escon Fibre Channel GFP Generic Frame Procedure VC Virtual Concatenation LCAS Link Capacity Adjustment Scheme ? That’s “ NGSDH “

Generic Frame Procedure GFP is defined to encapsulate variable length Payload of various client signals for subsequent transport over SDH Networks. Converts variable bit rate data traffic to constant bit rate traffic to transport over SDH Eliminates the need of Ethernet to SDH converters

GFP Header or IDLE frames GFP-F AND GFP-T GFP-T 1GigE IDLE LE Eth Eth. Frame Ethernet Frame GFP-F Frame by Frame GFP Transparent GFP Header or IDLE frames Block by Block fixed variable

GFP Operation Modes GFP IDLE Frame:  Rate Adaptation (“stuffing”) 00 GFP-F (Framed Mapped):  For packet oriented clients, e.g. Ethernet One Client Packet = packed in one GFP frame (1:1) Layer 2 service Minimal overhead GFP-T (Transparent Mapped):  Client characters are directly mapped in GFP-T frames e.g. Fibre Channel (800 Mbps),ESCON(200 Mbps) Fixed length GFP frames Layer 1 service  Minimal Latency GFP IDLE Frame:  Rate Adaptation (“stuffing”)

Virtual Concatenation (VCAT)

SDH MULTIPLEXING STRUCTURE

Concatenation Concatenation is the process of summing the bandwidth of X containers of the same type into a larger container. Offers pipes of variable bandwidth in increments down to 2 Mbit/s through an existing SDH network, with no changes needed to the network infrastructure. A further advantage is that each pipe can have its capacity distributed across multiple fibres

Concatenation methods Contiguous concatenation, Virtual concatenation

Contiguous concatenation Contiguous concatenation, which creates big containers that cannot split into smaller pieces during transmission. For this, each NE must have a concatenation functionality. Supports only containers VC4 and above

Transporting Concatenated Signals Contiguous Concatenation One Path C-4 C-4 C-4 NE NE VC-4-4c Core Network

Virtual concatenation Virtual concatenation, which transports the individual VCs and aggregates them at the end point of the transmission path. For this, concatenation functionality is only needed at the path termination equipment. Allows concatenation of lower granulaties ie VC12,VC3 & also VC4 containers.

Virtual Concatenation (VCAT) At the source node VCAT creates a continuous payload equivalent to X times the VC-n The set of X containers is known as a Virtual Container Group (VCG), and each individual VC is a member of the VCG.

Virtual Concatenated Group (VCG) of X VC-n containers! VC Nomenclature Virtual Concatenated Group (VCG) of X VC-n containers! VC-n Virtual Container n n=4, 3, 12 Defines the type of virtual containers, which will be virtually concatenated. -X Number of virtually concatenated containers All X Virtual Containers form together the “Virtual Concatenated Group” (VCG) v Indictor for Virtual Concatenation v = virtual concatenation c = contiguous concatenation

Virtual concatenation 10 Base-T VC 4 Gigabit E

VC Rate Efficiencies More services integrated- by using VC! Data Rates Efficiency w/o VC using VC Ethernet (10M) VC3 20% VC-12-5v  92% Fast Ethernet (100M) VC-4 67% VC-12-46v  100% Gigabit Ethernet (1G) VC-4-16c 42% VC-4-7v  85% ESCON (200M) VC-4-4c 33% VC-3-4v  100% Fibre Channel (800M) VC-4-16c 33% VC-4-6v  89% 100M Ethernet STM-1 = 63 x VC-12 VC-12-5v VC-12-46v 2x 10M Ethernet 7x E1 Services Example: More services integrated- by using VC!

Transporting Concatenated Signals VC-4-2v Virtual Concatenation VC-4 #2 #1 VC-4 #1 Path 2 Path 1 #2 Differential Delay VC-4 #2 #1 VC-4 #2 #1

Contiguous and Virtual Concatenation

LCAS Methodology LCAS methodology offers dynamically and hitlessly change (i.e. increase and decrease ) the capacity of a contiguous payload container , transported in a generic SDH or OTN transport N/W. LCAS methodology also offers survivability capabilities. LCAS will be applied to the entire VCG.

Link Capacity Adjustment Scheme (LCAS) LCAS (ITU-T G.707) provides bandwidth management flexibility. LCAS allows hitless addition or reduction of bandwidth LCAS is the key to provide “bandwidth on demand”.

Bandwidth on demand Network Management NG VC-12-3v LCAS +VC-12 ISP Transport Network NG ISP Customer’s LAN Network Management VC-12-3v +VC-12 LCAS

Bandwidth on Schedule NG 900M Location A Location B 100M Transport Network NG Location A Location B 100M 900M

Block Diagram of NGSDH

NGN NEs MSPP Multi Service Provisioning Platform MSTP Multi Service Transport Platform MSSP Multi Service Switch Platform

TEJAS TJ100MC-16 MADM Actual Figure Alarm Display Panel Multi Function Card (MFC3) Cooling Fans Slots 7&8 Extended Cross Connect Cards (XCET) Slot 1&6 - 252E1 Termination Card (TET252E1) Slot 2 - 8xSTM1o + 8xSTM1e (AGG06) Slots 9,10,11,12 -STM-16 Line Cards (A010000) Slot 3 - 8GE+32FE+32FX Ports Card (ELAN05D) Slots 4&5 - Cross Connection Control Cards (XCC05)

TEJAS TJ100MC-16 MADM Actual Figure Alarm Display Panel Multi Function Card (MFC3) Cooling Fans Slots 7&8 Extended Cross Connect Cards (XCET) Slot 1&6 - 252E1 Termination Card (TET252E1) Slot 2 - 8xSTM1o + 8xSTM1e (AGG06) Slots 9,10,11,12 -STM-16 Line Cards (A010000) Slot 3 - 8GE+32FE+32FX Ports Card (ELAN05D) Slots 4&5 - Cross Connection Control Cards (XCC05)

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