Micro-controller or embedded controller Ceg3430 Chapter 2 Robot 2 Micro-controller or embedded controller Robot2: Embedded controller

Robot2: Embedded controller Content 1. Introduce the family 2. General description of the 8031 processor 3. Memory Interface 4. Parallel port interface 5. Serial Interface 6. Interrupt Robot2: Embedded controller

Robot2: Embedded controller References Intel’s database http://developer.intel.com/design/mcs51/ Philips’ database http://www-us2.semiconductors.philips.com/products/ Paulmon, a freeware www.ece.orst.edu/~paul/8051-goodies/goodies-index.html#paulmon On Basic52 by Jan Axelson http://www.lvr.com/microc.htm Flash ROM based 89C51 http://www.atmel.com/atmel/products/prod71.htm Robot2: Embedded controller

A simple micro-controller (e.g. 8048) has CPU (Central Processing Unit) Some internal Ram (~1K-byte) and a few (4~8) kilobytes of ROM for holding programs. Parallel input/output bus so that it can communicate with the outside world. Be able to take hardware interrupt. Robot2: Embedded controller

Additional feature of a micro-controller (8031) Serial input/output so that it can make more distant communications with other computers. Timers for counting or generating exact timing signals for control purposes. Power down circuit to keep the internal data even the main power is cut off. Robot2: Embedded controller

1.Introduce the Intel 8051 family: 8032/8051/8052 http://developer.intel.com/design/mcs51/ Features: on chip RAM (8x31=>128 bytes; 8x51=>256 bytes), on chip ROM or simple memory interface on chip timer(8xx1=>2 timers, 8xx2=>3 timers), on chip interrupt support Serial (UART), parallel port interface new products support up to 33MHz clock rate. Robot2: Embedded controller

Robot2: Embedded controller 8031 family All have 128 bytes RAM, 2 timers, 32-bit parallel IO, serial IO, 5 interrupt sources 8031 ROM-less ; use external ROM for program 8051 4K-byte ROM 8751 4K-byte UV-EPROM (ultra-violet erasable, re-programmable) 8951 8K-byte (Electrical erasable, re- programmable) Robot2: Embedded controller

Robot2: Embedded controller 8031 family All have 128 bytes RAM, 2 timers, 32-bit parallel IO, serial IO, 5 interrupt sources 8031 ROM-less ; 8051 4K-byte ROM 8751 4K-byte UV-EPROM (ultra-violet erasable, re- programmable) 8951 8K-byte (Electrical erasable, reprogrammable) Philips extended Architecture (16-bit with AD converter) Robot2: Embedded controller

Robot2: Embedded controller Philips’ 80C51 16-bit extended architecture (XA) for industrial control http://www-us2.semiconductors.philips.com/products/ The XA-C3, supports the full Controller Area Network (CAN) 2.0B. It supports both 11-bit and 29-bit identifiers (ID) at up to 1Mbit/s data rate. It The XA-S3, 8-channel 8-bit ADC (4.6ms conversion) 16 M-byte (24 bit) addressing I²C-bus serial I/O port Robot2: Embedded controller

2. General description of 8051 8/16/32 Kbyte On-Chip ROM/EPROM program memory 256 x 8-bit RAM 32 Programmable I/O Lines Three16-Bit Timer/Counters 7 Interrupt Sources Quick-Pulse EPROM Programming (8751 contains 4Kbyte UV-EPROM) Programmable Serial Port 32k+32K External Program Memory Space 32K+32k External Data Memory Space IDLE and POWER DOWN Modes Robot2: Embedded controller

Robot2: Embedded controller 8XC51FX pin assignment Robot2: Embedded controller

Memory Addressing for the 8051 family Memory space 128 bytes internal RAM space address 0-7F (hex) internal data ram, 80-FF internal data and special function registers SFR overlapped addressed by indirect and direct mode resp. 64K program space includes The lower 4K( or more depends on specific device) on chip ROM/EPROM (if exist) The rest is external memory 64K external data memory External interface uses pins: /ALE,/PSEN, IO_PORTS. Robot2: Embedded controller

Robot2: Embedded controller FFFF 32k SFR= Special Function Register 0FFF SFR 32k http://developer.intel.com/design/mcs51/manuals/272383.htm Program Latch Enable Robot2: Embedded controller

Robot2: Embedded controller

Robot2: Embedded controller Special Function Registers at internal RAM address 80 -- FF hex Accumulator Interrupt priority Stack pointer Robot2: Embedded controller

Robot2: Embedded controller Important Pins Reset ALE: Address Latch Enable, to latch address outputs at Port0 and Port2 PSEN: Program Store Enable Port 0 port 1 port 2 Robot2: Embedded controller

Robot2: Embedded controller

Robot2: Embedded controller

Robot2: Embedded controller Power up and after First let us look at what the 8031 system will do after reset. Power-up or reset. first instruction from 0000H A simple startup assembly segment is as follows: 1 Org 0 ;after reset 2 ljmp start ; long jump to start at line 3 Org 30h ; arbitrary, but addr. 4 start: mov sp,30h-1 ; set stack point at 30h Question: Guess why sp = 30h-1 not 30h? Robot2: Embedded controller

Robot2: Embedded controller External program ROM interface Robot2: Embedded controller

Robot2: Embedded controller Address Latch Enable Program Store Enable A0-A15 : 16 bit = 64K-byte address Robot2: Embedded controller

Robot2: Embedded controller

Robot2: Embedded controller

Robot2: Embedded controller

Robot2: Embedded controller To connect more memory Use 138 and A12 to do address decoding Robot2: Embedded controller

Robot2: Embedded controller

Robot2: Embedded controller

Robot2: Embedded controller 3. Parallel interface 8255 Treated as memory location at E000H Read/write registers as memory data access Robot2: Embedded controller

Robot2: Embedded controller

Robot2: Embedded controller

Robot2: Embedded controller 4. Serial Interface SM0 SM1 Mode serial Baud rate 0 0 0 F.osc./12 (8-bit) 0 1 1 depends on Timer 1 1 0 2 F.osc./64 or F.osc./32 1 1 3 Depends on Timer 1 Robot2: Embedded controller

5. five sources of interrupt TF0 Timer0, Start address: 0003H TF1 Timer1 Start address: 000BH INT0 External0 (from external pin /INT0) Start address: 0013H INT1 External1 (from external pin /INT1) Start address: 001BH Serial IO interrupt Start address: 0023H Robot2: Embedded controller