How to Use This Presentation • To View the presentation as a slideshow with effects select “View” on the menu bar and click on “Slide Show”, or simply press F5 on the top row of your keyboard. • To advance to the next slide click the left mouse button once. • From the Chapter screen you can click on any section to go directly to that section’s presentation. • Blank or “missing” areas of a slide will remain hidden until the left mouse button is clicked. • You may exit the slide show at any time by pressing the Esc key Header – white 24 points Arial Bold Body text – white 20 points Arial Bold, dark yellow highlights Bullets – dark yellow Copyright – white 12 points Arial Background name: HST-Presentation_blue.jpg, Size: Height: 7.52" Width: 10.02" Scale: 70% Position on slide: Horizontal - 0" Vertical - 0" Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.

Heat and Heat Technology Module M: Chapter 6 Heat and Heat Technology Section 1: Temperature Section 2: What Is Heat? Section 3: Matter and Heat Section 4: Heat Technology Header first line (section#) – white 24 points Arial Bold Header second line (title) – white 28 points Arial Bold Title – yellow 28 points Arial Bold Body text – white24 points Arial and Arial Bold Bullets – yellow Copyright – white 12 points Arial Background name: HST-Presentation_blue.jpg, Size: Height: 7.52" Width: 10.02" Scale: 70% Position on slide: Horizontal - 0" Vertical - 0" End of Slide Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.

Temperature Bellringer Section 1 The temperature of boiling water is 100° on the Celsius scale and 212° on the Fahrenheit scale. Look at each of the following temperatures carefully, and decide whether you think that it is hot or cold: 60°F, 60°C, 37°F, 37°C, 0°C, 100°F, 70°F Write your responses in your science journal. Now think about how these temperatures would feel to you if you were living in northern Alaska. What about if you were living in North Africa? Header first line (section#) – white 24 points Arial Bold Header second line (title) – white 28 points Arial Bold Title – yellow 28 points Arial Bold Body text – white24 points Arial and Arial Bold Bullets – yellow Copyright – white 12 points Arial Background name: HST-Presentation_blue.jpg, Size: Height: 7.52" Width: 10.02" Scale: 70% Position on slide: Horizontal - 0" Vertical - 0" Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.

Temperature Objectives Section 1 Describe how temperature relates to kinetic energy. Compare temperatures on different temperature scales. Give examples of thermal expansion. Header first line (section#) – white 24 points Arial Bold Header second line (title) – white 28 points Arial Bold Title – yellow 28 points Arial Bold Body text – white24 points Arial and Arial Bold Bullets – yellow Copyright – white 12 points Arial Background name: HST-Presentation_blue.jpg, Size: Height: 7.52" Width: 10.02" Scale: 70% Position on slide: Horizontal - 0" Vertical - 0" End of Slide Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.

Temperature What Is Temperature? Section 1 Temperature and Kinetic Energy The more kinetic energy the particles of an object have, the higher the temperature of the object is. Average Kinetic Energy of Particles The temperature of a substance depends on the average kinetic energy of all its particles. Header first line (section#) – white 24 points Arial Bold Header second line (title) – white 28 points Arial Bold Title – yellow 28 points Arial Bold Body text – white24 points Arial and Arial Bold Bullets – yellow Copyright – white 12 points Arial Background name: HST-Presentation_blue.jpg, Size: Height: 7.52" Width: 10.02" Scale: 70% Position on slide: Horizontal - 0" Vertical - 0" End of Slide Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.

Measuring Temperature Section 1 Temperature Measuring Temperature Using a Thermometer Look at the thermometers on the next slide. They are all at the same temperature. So, the alcohol in each thermometer has expanded the same amount. But the number for each thermometer is different because a different temperature scale is marked on each one. Temperature Scales Three common temperature scales include Fahrenheit, Celsius, and Kelvin. Temperature Conversions An equation must be used to convert a temperature in one scale to another. Header first line (section#) – white 24 points Arial Bold Header second line (title) – white 28 points Arial Bold Title – yellow 28 points Arial Bold Body text – white24 points Arial and Arial Bold Bullets – yellow Copyright – white 12 points Arial Background name: HST-Presentation_blue.jpg, Size: Height: 7.52" Width: 10.02" Scale: 70% Position on slide: Horizontal - 0" Vertical - 0" End of Slide Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.

Three Temperature Scales Section 1 Three Temperature Scales Header first line (section#) – white 24 points Arial Bold Header second line (title) – white 28 points Arial Bold Title – navy 28 points Arial Bold Body text – black 24 points Arial and Arial Bold Bullets – navy Copyright – white 12 points Arial Background name: HST-Presentation_white.jpg Size: Height: 7.52" Width: 10.02" Scale: 70% Position on slide: Horizontal - 0" Vertical - 0" Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.

More About Thermal Expansion Section 1 Temperature More About Thermal Expansion Expansion Joints on Highways Highways and bridges have expansion joints so that the pavement won’t break when it heats and cools. Bimetallic Strips in Thermostats Some thermostats have a bimetallic strip inside. A bimetallic strip is made of two different metals stacked in a thin strip. Thermal Expansion in Hot Air Balloons You may have heard the expression “Hot air rises.” If you have ever seen hot-air balloons peacefully gliding through the sky,you have seen this principle at work. Header first line (section#) – white 24 points Arial Bold Header second line (title) – white 28 points Arial Bold Title – yellow 28 points Arial Bold Body text – white24 points Arial and Arial Bold Bullets – yellow Copyright – white 12 points Arial Background name: HST-Presentation_blue.jpg, Size: Height: 7.52" Width: 10.02" Scale: 70% Position on slide: Horizontal - 0" Vertical - 0" End of Slide Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.

What Is Heat? Bellringer Section 2 Imagine the following: You walk into the bathroom in your bare feet. The temperature in there is 23°C. You step onto the tile floor, and it feels very cold. Quickly, you step onto the throw rug in front of the sink, and the rug feels warmer. Answer these questions in your science journal: Is the floor really colder than the rug? Why do they seem to be at different temperatures when your bare feet touch them? Header first line (section#) – white 24 points Arial Bold Header second line (title) – white 28 points Arial Bold Title – yellow 28 points Arial Bold Body text – white24 points Arial and Arial Bold Bullets – yellow Copyright – white 12 points Arial Background name: HST-Presentation_blue.jpg, Size: Height: 7.52" Width: 10.02" Scale: 70% Position on slide: Horizontal - 0" Vertical - 0" Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.

What Is Heat? Objectives Section 2 Define heat as thermal energy transferred between objects at different temperatures. Compare conduction, convection, and radiation. Use specific heat capacity to calculate heat. Header first line (section#) – white 24 points Arial Bold Header second line (title) – white 28 points Arial Bold Title – yellow 28 points Arial Bold Body text – white24 points Arial and Arial Bold Bullets – yellow Copyright – white 12 points Arial Background name: HST-Presentation_blue.jpg, Size: Height: 7.52" Width: 10.02" Scale: 70% Position on slide: Horizontal - 0" Vertical - 0" End of Slide Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.

Transferred Thermal Energy Section 2 What Is Heat? Transferred Thermal Energy Heat and Thermal Energy If heat is transferred energy, what form of energy is being transferred? The answer is thermal energy. Thermal energy is the total kinetic energy of the particles that make up a substance. The transfer of thermal energy is illustrated on the next slide. Reaching the Same Temperature When objects that have different temperatures come into contact, energy will always be transferred. Energy will pass from the warmer object to the cooler object until both have the same temperature. Header first line (section#) – white 24 points Arial Bold Header second line (title) – white 28 points Arial Bold Title – yellow 28 points Arial Bold Body text – white24 points Arial and Arial Bold Bullets – yellow Copyright – white 12 points Arial Background name: HST-Presentation_blue.jpg, Size: Height: 7.52" Width: 10.02" Scale: 70% Position on slide: Horizontal - 0" Vertical - 0" End of Slide Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.

The Transfer of Thermal Energy Section 2 The Transfer of Thermal Energy Header first line (section#) – white 24 points Arial Bold Header second line (title) – white 28 points Arial Bold Title – navy 28 points Arial Bold Body text – black 24 points Arial and Arial Bold Bullets – navy Copyright – white 12 points Arial Background name: HST-Presentation_white.jpg Size: Height: 7.52" Width: 10.02" Scale: 70% Position on slide: Horizontal - 0" Vertical - 0" Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.

Conduction, Convection, and Radiation Section 2 What Is Heat? Conduction, Convection, and Radiation Conduction Thermal conduction is the transfer of thermal energy from one substance to another through direct contact. Conductors and Insulators Substances that conduct thermal energy very well are called thermal conductors. Substances that do not conduct thermal energy very well are called thermal insulators. Convection Convection is the transfer of thermal energy by the movement of a liquid or a gas. Convection and conduction are illustrated on the next two slides. Header first line (section#) – white 24 points Arial Bold Header second line (title) – white 28 points Arial Bold Title – yellow 28 points Arial Bold Body text – white24 points Arial and Arial Bold Bullets – yellow Copyright – white 12 points Arial Background name: HST-Presentation_blue.jpg, Size: Height: 7.52" Width: 10.02" Scale: 70% Position on slide: Horizontal - 0" Vertical - 0" End of Slide Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.

Section 2 Conduction Header first line (section#) – white 24 points Arial Bold Header second line (title) – white 28 points Arial Bold Title – navy 28 points Arial Bold Body text – black 24 points Arial and Arial Bold Bullets – navy Copyright – white 12 points Arial Background name: HST-Presentation_white.jpg Size: Height: 7.52" Width: 10.02" Scale: 70% Position on slide: Horizontal - 0" Vertical - 0" Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.

Section 2 Convection Header first line (section#) – white 24 points Arial Bold Header second line (title) – white 28 points Arial Bold Title – navy 28 points Arial Bold Body text – black 24 points Arial and Arial Bold Bullets – navy Copyright – white 12 points Arial Background name: HST-Presentation_white.jpg Size: Height: 7.52" Width: 10.02" Scale: 70% Position on slide: Horizontal - 0" Vertical - 0" Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.

Conduction, Convection, and Radiation continued Section 2 What Is Heat? Conduction, Convection, and Radiation continued Radiation Radiation is the transfer of energy by electromagnetic waves, such as visible light and infrared waves. Radiation and the Greenhouse Effect Earth’s atmosphere acts like the windows of a greenhouse. It allows the sun’s visible light to pass through it. A greenhouse also traps heat energy, keeping the inside warm. The greenhouse effect is illustrated on the next slide. Header first line (section#) – white 24 points Arial Bold Header second line (title) – white 28 points Arial Bold Title – yellow 28 points Arial Bold Body text – white24 points Arial and Arial Bold Bullets – yellow Copyright – white 12 points Arial Background name: HST-Presentation_blue.jpg, Size: Height: 7.52" Width: 10.02" Scale: 70% Position on slide: Horizontal - 0" Vertical - 0" End of Slide Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.

The Greenhouse Effect Section 2 Header first line (section#) – white 24 points Arial Bold Header second line (title) – white 28 points Arial Bold Title – navy 28 points Arial Bold Body text – black 24 points Arial and Arial Bold Bullets – navy Copyright – white 12 points Arial Background name: HST-Presentation_white.jpg Size: Height: 7.52" Width: 10.02" Scale: 70% Position on slide: Horizontal - 0" Vertical - 0" Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.

Heat and Temperature Change Section 2 What Is Heat? Heat and Temperature Change Thermal Conductivity Thermal conductivity is the rate at which a substance conducts thermal energy. Specific Heat Specific heat is the amount of energy needed to change the temperature of 1 kg of a substance by 1°C. Header first line (section#) – white 24 points Arial Bold Header second line (title) – white 28 points Arial Bold Title – yellow 28 points Arial Bold Body text – white24 points Arial and Arial Bold Bullets – yellow Copyright – white 12 points Arial Background name: HST-Presentation_blue.jpg, Size: Height: 7.52" Width: 10.02" Scale: 70% Position on slide: Horizontal - 0" Vertical - 0" End of Slide Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.

Heat and Temperature Change continued Section 2 What Is Heat? Heat and Temperature Change continued Heat, Temperature, and Amount To know how much energy is needed to heat some water, you have to know its mass, its change in temperature, and its specific heat. Calculating Heat Heat equals specific heat multiplied by mass multiplied by the change in temperature. Header first line (section#) – white 24 points Arial Bold Header second line (title) – white 28 points Arial Bold Title – yellow 28 points Arial Bold Body text – white24 points Arial and Arial Bold Bullets – yellow Copyright – white 12 points Arial Background name: HST-Presentation_blue.jpg, Size: Height: 7.52" Width: 10.02" Scale: 70% Position on slide: Horizontal - 0" Vertical - 0" End of Slide Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.

Matter and Heat Bellringer Section 3 Predict what changes would occur if you added an equal number of ice cubes to a glass of cold water and a glass of warm water. Explain your answer in your science journal. What if the glasses were filled with warm or cold sand? How about sawdust? Header first line (section#) – white 24 points Arial Bold Header second line (title) – white 28 points Arial Bold Title – yellow 28 points Arial Bold Body text – white24 points Arial and Arial Bold Bullets – yellow Copyright – white 12 points Arial Background name: HST-Presentation_blue.jpg, Size: Height: 7.52" Width: 10.02" Scale: 70% Position on slide: Horizontal - 0" Vertical - 0" Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.

Matter and Heat Objectives Section 3 Identify three states of matter. Explain how heat affects matter during a change of state. Describe how heat affects matter during a chemical change. Explain what a calorimeter is used for. Header first line (section#) – white 24 points Arial Bold Header second line (title) – white 28 points Arial Bold Title – yellow 28 points Arial Bold Body text – white24 points Arial and Arial Bold Bullets – yellow Copyright – white 12 points Arial Background name: HST-Presentation_blue.jpg, Size: Height: 7.52" Width: 10.02" Scale: 70% Position on slide: Horizontal - 0" Vertical - 0" End of Slide Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.

Matter and Heat States of Matter Section 3 What Are States of Matter? The states of matter are the physical forms in which a substance can exist. Matter consists of particles that can move around at different speeds. The state a substance is in depends on the speed of its particles, the attraction between them, and the pressure around them. Three familiar states of matter are solid, liquid, and gas. Header first line (section#) – white 24 points Arial Bold Header second line (title) – white 28 points Arial Bold Title – yellow 28 points Arial Bold Body text – white24 points Arial and Arial Bold Bullets – yellow Copyright – white 12 points Arial Background name: HST-Presentation_blue.jpg, Size: Height: 7.52" Width: 10.02" Scale: 70% Position on slide: Horizontal - 0" Vertical - 0" End of Slide Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.

Matter and Heat Changes of State Section 3 What Is a Change of State? A change of state is a change of a substance from one state of matter to another. Energy and Changes of State Energy must be added or removed for matter to change its state. Header first line (section#) – white 24 points Arial Bold Header second line (title) – white 28 points Arial Bold Title – yellow 28 points Arial Bold Body text – white24 points Arial and Arial Bold Bullets – yellow Copyright – white 12 points Arial Background name: HST-Presentation_blue.jpg, Size: Height: 7.52" Width: 10.02" Scale: 70% Position on slide: Horizontal - 0" Vertical - 0" End of Slide Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.

Heat and Chemical Changes Section 3 Matter and Heat Heat and Chemical Changes Food and Chemical Changes Food contains substances from which your body gets energy. Energy that your body can use is released when chemical compounds such as carbohydrates are broken down in your body. The energy is released in chemical reactions. Calorimeters A calorimeter is a device that measures heat. A bomb calorimeter is shown on the next slide. Header first line (section#) – white 24 points Arial Bold Header second line (title) – white 28 points Arial Bold Title – yellow 28 points Arial Bold Body text – white24 points Arial and Arial Bold Bullets – yellow Copyright – white 12 points Arial Background name: HST-Presentation_blue.jpg, Size: Height: 7.52" Width: 10.02" Scale: 70% Position on slide: Horizontal - 0" Vertical - 0" End of Slide Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.

A Bomb Calorimeter Section 3 Header first line (section#) – white 24 points Arial Bold Header second line (title) – white 28 points Arial Bold Title – navy 28 points Arial Bold Body text – black 24 points Arial and Arial Bold Bullets – navy Copyright – white 12 points Arial Background name: HST-Presentation_white.jpg Size: Height: 7.52" Width: 10.02" Scale: 70% Position on slide: Horizontal - 0" Vertical - 0" Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.

Heat Technology Bellringer Section 4 Predict whether leaving the refrigerator door open on a hot summer day will help to cool the kitchen. How about leaving the oven door open in the winter? Does a fireplace really warm the house up? Explain your answers in your science journal. Review these predictions after you have read this section. Header first line (section#) – white 24 points Arial Bold Header second line (title) – white 28 points Arial Bold Title – yellow 28 points Arial Bold Body text – white24 points Arial and Arial Bold Bullets – yellow Copyright – white 12 points Arial Background name: HST-Presentation_blue.jpg, Size: Height: 7.52" Width: 10.02" Scale: 70% Position on slide: Horizontal - 0" Vertical - 0" Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.

Heat Technology Objectives Section 4 Analyze several kinds of heating systems. Describe how a heat engine works. Explain how a refrigerator keeps food cold. List some effects of heat technology on the environment. Header first line (section#) – white 24 points Arial Bold Header second line (title) – white 28 points Arial Bold Title – yellow 28 points Arial Bold Body text – white24 points Arial and Arial Bold Bullets – yellow Copyright – white 12 points Arial Background name: HST-Presentation_blue.jpg, Size: Height: 7.52" Width: 10.02" Scale: 70% Position on slide: Horizontal - 0" Vertical - 0" End of Slide Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.

Heat Technology Heating Systems Section 4 Hot-Water Heating A hot-water heater raises the temperature of water, which is pumped through pipes that lead to radiators in each room. Warm-Air Heating With warm-air heating, air is heated by burning fuel and travels through a building in ducts. Heating and Insulation Insulation is a material that reduces the transfer of thermal energy.When insulation is used, less heat passes into or out of the building. Solar Heating The next slide shows how solar energy can be used to heat a house. Header first line (section#) – white 24 points Arial Bold Header second line (title) – white 28 points Arial Bold Title – yellow 28 points Arial Bold Body text – white24 points Arial and Arial Bold Bullets – yellow Copyright – white 12 points Arial Background name: HST-Presentation_blue.jpg, Size: Height: 7.52" Width: 10.02" Scale: 70% Position on slide: Horizontal - 0" Vertical - 0" End of Slide Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.

Solar Heating System Section 4 Header first line (section#) – white 24 points Arial Bold Header second line (title) – white 28 points Arial Bold Title – navy 28 points Arial Bold Body text – black 24 points Arial and Arial Bold Bullets – navy Copyright – white 12 points Arial Background name: HST-Presentation_white.jpg Size: Height: 7.52" Width: 10.02" Scale: 70% Position on slide: Horizontal - 0" Vertical - 0" Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.

Heat Technology Heat Engines Section 4 External Combustion Engine A simple steam engine is an example of an external combustion engine. Coal is burned to heat water in a boiler and change the water to steam. The steam expands, which pushes a piston.The piston can be attached to other parts of the machine that do work. Internal Combustion Engine The six-cylinder car engine is an internal combustion engine. Fuel is burned inside the engine. The fuel used is gasoline, which is burned inside the cylinders. The cylinders go through a series of steps in burning the fuel. Header first line (section#) – white 24 points Arial Bold Header second line (title) – white 28 points Arial Bold Title – yellow 28 points Arial Bold Body text – white24 points Arial and Arial Bold Bullets – yellow Copyright – white 12 points Arial Background name: HST-Presentation_blue.jpg, Size: Height: 7.52" Width: 10.02" Scale: 70% Position on slide: Horizontal - 0" Vertical - 0" End of Slide Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.

Heat Technology Cooling Systems Section 4 What Do Cooling Systems Do? Cooling systems are used to transfer thermal energy out of a particular area so that it feels cooler. Cooling and Energy Most cooling systems require electrical energy to do the work of cooling. The electrical energy is used by a device called a compressor. Header first line (section#) – white 24 points Arial Bold Header second line (title) – white 28 points Arial Bold Title – yellow 28 points Arial Bold Body text – white24 points Arial and Arial Bold Bullets – yellow Copyright – white 12 points Arial Background name: HST-Presentation_blue.jpg, Size: Height: 7.52" Width: 10.02" Scale: 70% Position on slide: Horizontal - 0" Vertical - 0" End of Slide Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.

Heat Technology and Thermal Pollution Section 4 Heat Technology Heat Technology and Thermal Pollution Thermal Energy Transferred to the Environment Heating systems, car engines, and cooling systems all transfer thermal energy to the environment. Thermal Pollution One of the negative effects of excess thermal energy is thermal pollution, the excessive heating of a body of water. Header first line (section#) – white 24 points Arial Bold Header second line (title) – white 28 points Arial Bold Title – yellow 28 points Arial Bold Body text – white24 points Arial and Arial Bold Bullets – yellow Copyright – white 12 points Arial Background name: HST-Presentation_blue.jpg, Size: Height: 7.52" Width: 10.02" Scale: 70% Position on slide: Horizontal - 0" Vertical - 0" End of Slide Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.

Heat and Heat Technology Chapter 10 Heat and Heat Technology Concept Map Use the following terms to complete the concept map on the next slide: thermometer, conduction, thermal energy, thermal expansion, temperature, heat, radiation. Header first line (section#) – white 24 points Arial Bold Header second line (title) – white 28 points Arial Bold Title – yellow 28 points Arial Bold Body text – white24 points Arial and Arial Bold Bullets – yellow Copyright – white 12 points Arial Background name: HST-Presentation_blue.jpg, Size: Height: 7.52" Width: 10.02" Scale: 70% Position on slide: Horizontal - 0" Vertical - 0" Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.

Chapter 10 Concept Map Header first line (section#) – white 24 points Arial Bold Header second line (title) – white 28 points Arial Bold Title – navy 28 points Arial Bold Body text – black 24 points Arial and Arial Bold Bullets – navy Copyright – white 12 points Arial Background name: HST-Presentation_white.jpg Size: Height: 7.52" Width: 10.02" Scale: 70% Position on slide: Horizontal - 0" Vertical - 0" Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.

Chapter 10 Concept Map Header first line (section#) – white 24 points Arial Bold Header second line (title) – white 28 points Arial Bold Title – navy 28 points Arial Bold Body text – black 24 points Arial and Arial Bold Bullets – navy Copyright – white 12 points Arial Background name: HST-Presentation_white.jpg Size: Height: 7.52" Width: 10.02" Scale: 70% Position on slide: Horizontal - 0" Vertical - 0" Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.