Language Allocation Policy (LAP) P.S. 105 November 4, 2014 By Alice Lee

Why do we have ESL or Bilingual Programs? NYS Commissioner’s Regulation Part 154: In a Landmark 1974 decision, Lau vs Nichols, the US Supreme Court established the right of ELL students to have a meaningful opportunity to participate in the educational program. Aspira vs. Board of Education – 1972 , consent decree in which the board agreed to begin to provide a transitional bilingual instructional program Both cases fought for equal access to fully participate in the public education system for ELL students.

ELLs within the context of the entire DOE student population 41% OF THE STUdents ENROLLED IN nyc PUBLIC SCHOOLS SPEAK ANOTHER LANGUAGE AT HOME Ells MAKE UP 14.4% of the entirE doe STUDENT POPULATION Nearly half (47.5%) of the DOE’s ELLs were born in another country 16.4%, 12,137 students came from China – the second largest ElL population

Top 12 ELL Languages in NYC Public Schools Spanish (63.4%) • Urdu (1.9%) Chinese (13.6%) • French (1.5%) Other (5.2%)* • Punjabi (0.6%) Bengali (3.9%) • Albanian (0.6%) Arabic (3.6%) • Korean (0.5%) Haitian Creole (2.5%) • Uzbek (0.5%) Russian (2.1%) *(151 languages are represented in this group)

New ELL Students by Grade and Level PS 105 LABR (Fall 2013) Grades K 1 2 3 4 5 Beginner 128 15   Intermediate 58 Advanced 25 Proficient Total New Admits 16 227 18

PS 105 NYSESLAT Scores By Levels 2013-2014 Grades Beginner Intermediate Advanced Grand Total % # 0K 128 60.7% 58 27.5% 25 11.8% 211 100% 01 44 18.6% 52 22% 140 59.3% 236 02 17 10.3% 63 38.2% 85 51.5% 165 03 12.5% 30 22.1% 89 65.4% 136 04 23 19.3% 33 27.7% 52.9% 119 05 34 27.4% 24 66 53.2% 124 Total 263 26.5% 260 26.2% 468 47.2% 991

Number of Proficient Students By Modality PS 105 NYSESLAT Results 2013-2014 Listening Speaking Reading Writing Total Students Grade # % K 1 65 29.4% 43 19.5% 101 45.7% 106 48% 221 2 69 41.8% 29 17.6% 57 34.5% 76 46.1% 165 3 89 70% 6 4.7% 84 66.1% 60 47.2% 127 4 22 18.8% 45 38.5% 47 40.2% 87 74.4% 117 5 39 32.2% 14 11.6% 75 62.1% 82 67.8% 121 284 137 364 411 752

What is the Language Allocation Policy? It is a systematic plan for language development that guides programmatic and curricular decisions for ELL students until they acquire academic proficiency in English. Specific guidelines for language of instruction for ELL students in ESL and bilingual programs

Why do we have a LAP? As per CR Part 154, SED requires that DOE schools must develop, submit, and implement a comprehensive LAP that addresses the unique academic and linguistic needs of their ELLs and families. CR Part 154 establishes standards for the education of ELL students. All districts must provide ELL students with equal access to all school programs and services offered by the district. Non-compliance will result in reduced funding to schools. Schools must submit this plan every two years.

What are the components of the LAP? Analysis of all available assessment data for ELL students as well as non-ELL students on all grade levels How the school uses the trends and patterns to inform instructional decisions How the school evaluate the success of programs for ELLs The ELL identification process – HLIS and the Program choice for parents

ELL Program Models at PS 105 Freestanding ESL program including push-in and self-contained Chinese Transitional Bilingual Program Both programs must provide intensive ESL instruction: Beginner and Intermediate ELLs – 8 periods of ESL instruction Advanced ELLs – 4 periods of mandated ESL instruction

Language of Instruction for ESL Programs Freestanding ESL programs: ESL students receive language arts and subject area instruction in English. Teachers employ specific ESL methodologies which can include native language support. ELLs exit ESL service when they reach proficiency on the NYSESLAT Former ELLs continue to receive transitional support for up to one year, and they are entitled to ELL testing accommodations for up to two years.

Language of Instruction for Bilingual Programs Transitional Bilingual programs – English and Chinese Language arts and subject area instruction in both native language and in English, in addition to intensive ESL instruction. The ratio of native language to English instruction will shift as students become more proficient in English. Students can exit when they reach proficiency on the New York State English as a Second Language Achievement Test (NYSESLAT), however schools are required to provide students with language support for an additional two years after proficiency is achieved.

Language Allocation for Bilingual Classes in STARS School Model Beginners – 30% English : 70% Chinese Intermediate – 50%English : 50% Chinese Advanced – 70% English : 30% Chinese

Native Language in the Bilingual Program Every bilingual class must have one period of native language arts per day All content area instruction should be taught in the native language to ensure comprehension

ELL Groups and Subpopulations ELL newcomers – 63.1% of the 159,162 ELLs are new comers ELLs with disabilities – citywide, 21.6% of ELLs have IEPS Long-term ELLs – students who continue to require ELL service after 6 years – these students often demonstrate oral proficiency in English, but low academic literacy in both English and their home language. 73% of the City’s 19,984 long-term ELLs were born in the US Nearly 50% of the long-term ELLs have IEPs (84.6% Spanish, 4.8% Chinese) Findings show that a common characteristic is educational inconsistency, such as moving back and forth between US and their native country, or moved between bilingual and ESL programs. Students with interrupted Formal Education (SIFE) –Students who come from a home where a language other than English is spoken, have had at least two years less schooling than their peers; function at least two years below expected grade level in reading and math; and may be pre-literate in their first language.

What Is the Difference Between Social and Academic English? Social English: Everyday communication in oral and written forms. May develop within a few months. However, it will take a couple of years to fully develop social English skills in listening, speaking, reading, and writing. Academic English: Academic English is more demanding and complex than social English. Academic English is the language necessary for success in school. It is related to a standards-based curriculum, including the content areas of math, science, social studies, and English language arts.

Why is it important for ELLs to develop academic English? ELLs come to school not only to learn how to communicate socially, but to become academically proficient to handle the standards-based curriculum. Learn academic vocabulary to develop the content knowledge in English to succeed in future schooling. Provide support and scaffolding according to their ability to ensure learning with rigor.

To Facilitate Academic Language Development In math - teach terms for subtraction, like "subtract," "take away," and "decreased by.” In science - teach terms to connect the parts of an experiment, like "therefore," "as a result," and "for instance." In social studies - teach the words and also the background knowledge that ELLs will need. For example, background knowledge to Thanksgiving. In language arts - teach ELLs by using basic graphic organizers for word development to visually represent knowledge: concept maps, KWLs, synonyms, antonyms, tenses, etc.

How to Help Students Develop Both Social and Academic English? Determine students' levels of proficiency Begin with social English Include many contextual supports through visuals, maps, charts, manipulatives, music, and pantomiming. Use Total Physical Response (TPR) activities to help ELLs learn by doing. Add content vocabulary in your lessons or units. Use sentence frames in discussion as support Create cooperative learning groups Challenge students' thinking using Bloom's taxonomy

Challenge Students' Thinking For example: In a unit on urban and urban life in the US for intermediate students: Lessons focus: Content vocabulary Students will be expected to produce short statements: Knowledge and comprehension - know what they can find in a U.S. city and in the country Application - determine whether someone lives in the country or city based on a description of what they see Analysis - name two or three ways in which cities and rural towns are similar and different Synthesis - draw typical city and rural scenes Evaluation - say whether they would prefer to live in the city or the country and give one or two reasons why

What are your next steps? Look at the data pattern of your students Determine learning groups using all available data Identify content vocabulary for each unit Identify appropriate resources Create differentiated activities and lessons to address the needs of your students with rigor Create appropriate assessment for learning Refer to “Specific Considerations for Teachers of English Language Learners” from Advance to guide your planning.