Chapter Eight: Communication and Relational Dynamics Looking Out/Looking In Eleventh Edition Ronald B. Adler, Russell F. Proctor II, and Neil Towne

Copyright © 2005 Wadsworth 2 Chapter 8 - Communication and Relational Dynamics Communication and Relational Dynamics

Copyright © 2005 Wadsworth 3 Chapter 8 - Communication and Relational Dynamics Why We Form Relationships Attraction Similarity and ComplimentaritySimilarity and Complimentarity Reciprocal AttractionReciprocal Attraction CompetenceCompetence DisclosureDisclosure ProximityProximity

Copyright © 2005 Wadsworth 4 Chapter 8 - Communication and Relational Dynamics Why We Form Relationships Intimacy The Dimensions of Intimacy PhysicalPhysical IntellectualIntellectual EmotionalEmotional Shared activitiesShared activities

Copyright © 2005 Wadsworth 5 Chapter 8 - Communication and Relational Dynamics Why We Form Relationships Intimacy Masculine and Feminine Intimacy Styles Self-DisclosureSelf-Disclosure Shared ActivitiesShared Activities

Copyright © 2005 Wadsworth 6 Chapter 8 - Communication and Relational Dynamics Why We Form Relationships Intimacy Cultural Influences on Intimacy HistoricalHistorical CulturalCultural Class/groupClass/group IndividualistIndividualist CollectivistCollectivist

Copyright © 2005 Wadsworth 7 Chapter 8 - Communication and Relational Dynamics Why We Form Relationships Intimacy Limits of Intimacy

Copyright © 2005 Wadsworth 8 Chapter 8 - Communication and Relational Dynamics Why We Form Relationships Rewards Social Exchange Theory OutcomesOutcomes Comparison LevelComparison Level Comparison Level of AlternativesComparison Level of Alternatives

Copyright © 2005 Wadsworth 9 Chapter 8 - Communication and Relational Dynamics Models of Relational Development and Maintenance Relational Satisfaction: An Online Quiz Relational Satisfaction: An Online Quiz

Copyright © 2005 Wadsworth 10 Chapter 8 - Communication and Relational Dynamics Developmental Model

Copyright © 2005 Wadsworth 11 Chapter 8 - Communication and Relational Dynamics Question: The _________ relational stage involves small talk as a way to search for common ground, find out what interests you might share with the other person, and decide if the relationship is worth pursuing. a. initiating b.experimenting c. intensifying d.integrating

Copyright © 2005 Wadsworth 12 Chapter 8 - Communication and Relational Dynamics Developmental Model

Copyright © 2005 Wadsworth 13 Chapter 8 - Communication and Relational Dynamics Dialectical Perspectives Dialectical Tensions Connection vs. AutonomyConnection vs. Autonomy Predictability vs. NoveltyPredictability vs. Novelty Openness vs. PrivacyOpenness vs. Privacy

Copyright © 2005 Wadsworth 14 Chapter 8 - Communication and Relational Dynamics Dialectical Perspectives Dialectical Perspectives Strategies for Managing Dialectical Tensions DenialDenial DisorientationDisorientation AlternationAlternation BalanceBalance IntegrationIntegration RecalibrationRecalibration ReaffirmationReaffirmation

Copyright © 2005 Wadsworth 15 Chapter 8 - Communication and Relational Dynamics Question: One way to manage a dialectical challenge is to reframe your thoughts so that the contradiction disappears and your attitude changes. This is called: a.disorientation b.denial c.balance d.recalibration

Copyright © 2005 Wadsworth 16 Chapter 8 - Communication and Relational Dynamics Characteristics of Relational Development and Maintenance Relationships are Constantly ChangingRelationships are Constantly Changing Movement is Always to a New PlaceMovement is Always to a New Place

Copyright © 2005 Wadsworth 17 Chapter 8 - Communication and Relational Dynamics Self-Disclosure in Relationships Definition DeliberateDeliberate SignificantSignificant Not Known by OthersNot Known by Others

Copyright © 2005 Wadsworth 18 Chapter 8 - Communication and Relational Dynamics Degrees of Self-Disclosure Social Penetration Model: Breadth and Depth

Copyright © 2005 Wadsworth 19 Chapter 8 - Communication and Relational Dynamics Degrees of Self-Disclosure Social Penetration Model: Breadth and Depth

Copyright © 2005 Wadsworth 20 Chapter 8 - Communication and Relational Dynamics Degrees of Self-Disclosure Degrees of Self-Disclosure Types ClichésClichés FactsFacts OpinionsOpinions FeelingsFeelings

Copyright © 2005 Wadsworth 21 Chapter 8 - Communication and Relational Dynamics A Model of Self-Disclosure Open, Hidden, Blind, Unknown

Copyright © 2005 Wadsworth 22 Chapter 8 - Communication and Relational Dynamics A Model of Self-Disclosure Open, Hidden, Blind, Unknown

Copyright © 2005 Wadsworth 23 Chapter 8 - Communication and Relational Dynamics A Model of Self-Disclosure Open, Hidden, Blind, Unknown

Copyright © 2005 Wadsworth 24 Chapter 8 - Communication and Relational Dynamics A Model of Self-Disclosure Open, Hidden, Blind, Unknown

Copyright © 2005 Wadsworth 25 Chapter 8 - Communication and Relational Dynamics A Model of Self-Disclosure Open, Hidden, Blind, Unknown

Copyright © 2005 Wadsworth 26 Chapter 8 - Communication and Relational Dynamics A Model of Self-Disclosure Open, Hidden, Blind, Unknown

Copyright © 2005 Wadsworth 27 Chapter 8 - Communication and Relational Dynamics A Model of Self-Disclosure Open, Hidden, Blind, Unknown

Copyright © 2005 Wadsworth 28 Chapter 8 - Communication and Relational Dynamics A Model of Self-Disclosure Open, Hidden, Blind, Unknown

Copyright © 2005 Wadsworth 29 Chapter 8 - Communication and Relational Dynamics A Model of Self-Disclosure Open, Hidden, Blind, Unknown

Copyright © 2005 Wadsworth 30 Chapter 8 - Communication and Relational Dynamics Characteristics of Self-Disclosure Usually Occurs in DyadsUsually Occurs in Dyads Occurs IncrementallyOccurs Incrementally Few Transactions Involve High LevelsFew Transactions Involve High Levels Relatively ScarceRelatively Scarce Usually Occurs in Positive RelationshipsUsually Occurs in Positive Relationships

Copyright © 2005 Wadsworth 31 Chapter 8 - Communication and Relational Dynamics Reasons for Self-Disclosure CatharsisCatharsis Self-ClarificationSelf-Clarification Self-ValidationSelf-Validation ReciprocityReciprocity

Copyright © 2005 Wadsworth 32 Chapter 8 - Communication and Relational Dynamics Question: Consuelo confides in Katerina and tells her something just to “get it off her chest.” This is an example of: a. self-validation b. reciprocity c. catharsis d. manipulation

Copyright © 2005 Wadsworth 33 Chapter 8 - Communication and Relational Dynamics Reasons for Self-Disclosure (con’t) Identity ManagementIdentity Management Relationship Maintenance and EnhancementRelationship Maintenance and Enhancement Social ControlSocial Control ManipulationManipulation

Copyright © 2005 Wadsworth 34 Chapter 8 - Communication and Relational Dynamics Guidelines for Self-Disclosure Consider the Importance of Other PersonConsider the Importance of Other Person Evaluate Risks InvolvedEvaluate Risks Involved Make Disclosure Relevant to the Situation at HandMake Disclosure Relevant to the Situation at Hand

Copyright © 2005 Wadsworth 35 Chapter 8 - Communication and Relational Dynamics Guidelines for Self-Disclosure Make Amount and Type of Self-Disclosure AppropriateMake Amount and Type of Self-Disclosure Appropriate Consider Constructive EffectsConsider Constructive Effects Make Disclosure Clear and UnderstandableMake Disclosure Clear and Understandable Reciprocate Disclosure as AppropriateReciprocate Disclosure as Appropriate

Copyright © 2005 Wadsworth 36 Chapter 8 - Communication and Relational Dynamics Self-Disclosure Ramon and Julie grapple with appropriate self-disclosure.

Copyright © 2005 Wadsworth 37 Chapter 8 - Communication and Relational Dynamics Alternatives to Self-Disclosure Lying White LiesWhite Lies Reasons for LyingReasons for Lying –Save Face –Avoid Tension/Conflict –Guide Social Interaction –Expand/Reduce Relationships –Gain Power

Copyright © 2005 Wadsworth 38 Chapter 8 - Communication and Relational Dynamics Alternatives to Self-Disclosure Lying Effects of Lies - Threats to the RelationshipEffects of Lies - Threats to the Relationship

Copyright © 2005 Wadsworth 39 Chapter 8 - Communication and Relational Dynamics Alternatives to Self-Disclosure Equivocation Spares EmbarrassmentSpares Embarrassment Less StressfulLess Stressful Saves FaceSaves Face Saves Speaker from Being Caught LyingSaves Speaker from Being Caught Lying

Copyright © 2005 Wadsworth 40 Chapter 8 - Communication and Relational Dynamics Alternatives to Self-Disclosure Alternatives to Self-Disclosure HintingHinting –Saves Receiver from Embarrassment –Saves Sender from Embarrassment

Copyright © 2005 Wadsworth 41 Chapter 8 - Communication and Relational Dynamics Alternatives to Self-Disclosure Alternatives to Self-Disclosure The Ethics of Evasion - Acceptable When… We Expect Other to FibWe Expect Other to Fib When Lie is Mutually BeneficialWhen Lie is Mutually Beneficial When Lie Helps Avoid EmbarrassmentWhen Lie Helps Avoid Embarrassment When Lie Helps Avoid Unpleasant TruthWhen Lie Helps Avoid Unpleasant Truth When Other Person is Asked to LieWhen Other Person is Asked to Lie