29.2 Nervous System and Neurons

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Presentation transcript:

29.2 Nervous System and Neurons Set up Cornell Notes on pg. 47 Topic: 29.2 Nervous System and Neurons Essential Question(s): Draw and label a neuron on pg. 46 in picture bubble map format. 29.2 Nervous System and Neurons 2.1 Atoms, Ions, and Molecules KEY CONCEPT The nervous system is composed of highly specialized cells.

KEY CONCEPT The nervous system is composed of highly specialized cells.

Make up an information network (Like the internet) Neurons (aka nerve cells)are cells that can store information and send and receive messages within the nervous system. Make up an information network (Like the internet) Cell body axon neurotransmitter Dendrites

Neurons are highly specialized cells. A neuron has three parts. 1. cell body has nucleus and organelles 1 Cell body

Neurons are highly specialized cells. A neuron has three parts. 1. cell body has nucleus and organelles 2. dendrites receive messages from neighboring cells 2 dendrites

Neurons are highly specialized cells. A neuron has three parts. 1. cell body has nucleus and organelles 2. dendrites receive messages from neighboring cells 3. axon carries messages to other cells Specialized support cells- such as the myelin sheath- insulate neurons’ axons and helps them send messages 3 axon

Synapse: Gaps between neurons

Neurotransmitters: Chemical signals released by neurons Neurotransmitters: Chemical signals released by neurons. Carry information from neuron to neuron. Neurotransmitters

Action Potential: Electrical impulse that carries messages Dendrites receive action potential

NEURON

NEURON

NEURON

NEURON

NEURON

NEURON

NEURON

NEURON

NEURON Dendrites of next neuron

Axon terminal: releases neurotransmitters (chemical signals) Synapse (gap) Axon terminal Dendrites of next neuron

NEURON Draw and label this neuron on p. 46: Neurotransmitters Synapse Cell body axon Myelin sheath Dendrites Axon terminal Action potential

Neurons transmit information in the form of electrical and chemical impulses When a neuron is stimulated, it produces an electrical signal (action potential) within that neuron Before it can move to the next cell it changes into a chemical signal (neurotransmitter) You react

Electrical Impulse reaches terminal.

Electrical Impulse reaches terminal.

Electrical Impulse reaches terminal. Neurotransmitters (chemicals) release into synapse. synapse impulse neurotransmitter vesicles receptor

Electrical Impulse reaches terminal. Neurotransmitters (chemicals) release into synapse. Neurotransmitters stimulate next cell. synapse impulse neurotransmitter vesicles receptor

How does the structure of a neuron make it effective in carrying out the functions of the nervous system?

How does the structure of a neuron make it effective in carrying out the functions of the nervous system? Neurons have long extensions called axons, which allow messages to be carried long distances without having to pass the signal to another cell.

Types of Neurons Picture Tree Map Sensory Neurons Interneurons Motor Neurons Function Location Function Location Function Location

There are 3 types of neurons: Sensory neurons Interneurons Motor neurons

The dendrites of these neurons act as sensory receptors 1. Sensory Neurons: The dendrites of these neurons act as sensory receptors Function: They gather information and carry impulses into the brain and spinal cord Located in PNS Outside: Light & Sound Intensities Inside: Temperature Oxygen Levels pH Levels

2)Interneurons: Receive signals from sensory neurons and relay them within the brain and spinal cord Function: Process and interpret messages in the CNS Located in CNS

3)Motor neurons: Pass messages from the central nervous system to the other tissues in the body, such as muscles Function: Carry nerve impulses out of the brain or spinal cord to effectors Effectors: muscles and glands Located in the PNS.

Key: Motor Neurons Effectors Receptors Sensory Neurons Interneurons 1._______________ 2. ________________ 3. ______________ 4. _____________ 5._____________

2. Sensory Neurons 3. Interneurons 4. Motor Neurons 1. Receptors 5. Effectors

In a nutshell…. The nervous system can: Detect changes in the body Make decisions based on the info received Stimulate muscles and/or glands to respond Counteract changes to maintain homeostasis

Neurons (nerve cells) are cells that can store information and send and receive messages. In a paragraph, hypothesize how drug or alcohol use might affect neurons?