Workshop on HFC Management and 35th OEWG Meeting of the Parties to the Montreal Protocol Bangkok - Thailand What are the costs of replacing conventional cooling units with non-conventional low-GWP options, including retro-fitting, with reference to projects in high ambient temperatures? Hisham Mikhi hishamm@meisolar.com 21-04- 2015

Presentation Content Background & Need. The Objective Comparisons Example of 50 KW Cooling Capacity Chillers Typical Absorption Chiller/Solar Package - Schematic Example - 50 KW Absorption Chiller/Solar Package for Heating and Cooling installed in Jordan. Factors Affecting Cost & Output

Background & Need The Background The Need The increasing demand for air conditioning in countries with hot climate and changes to life styles, for example GCC and rest of MENA etc.. Currently one of the available technology for air conditioning are conventional chillers with low efficiencies (COPs) operating on GWP, mainly refrigerants with climate-damaging effects, and high leakage rates. The huge continues and increasing consumption of electricity for operating such chillers. The Need Such countries usually have some of the global optimal solar conditions (high average solar radiation 5-7kwh/m2) The minimum needs (few months per year) for hot water resulting into solar thermal heating on its own being un economical with long investment paybacks and redundant most of the year. The need to create the basis for establishing sustainable air-conditioning dependent on natural refrigerants and hence reducing GWP emissions.

Conventional Electrical Chiller Solar Driven Absorption Chiller The Objective Replacing conventional cooling units with non-conventional low-GWP Units Conventional Electrical Chiller Typical small to medium air cooled conventional chiller with GWP refrigerant and installed outdoors Running on electricity Solar Driven Absorption Chiller Typical thermal driven absorption chiller running on hot water of approx. 90 deg. C and air cooled. Natural refrigerant being water/ Lithium Bromide Hot water generated by fixed solar collectors or any other forms of waste heat.

Comparison Example of 50 KW Cooling Capacity Chiller Conventional Chiller Absorption Chiller Cooling Capacity (KWth) 50 Electrical Capacity Need (KWe) 15 5 (Pumps & Dry Cooler) Thermal Capacity Need (KWth) 63 Refrigerant R-407C or R-410A Water/ Lithium Bromide COP 3.5 0.79 Wight (Kg) 750 900 Expected Life Time (Years) 25 Unit Cost (US$) 15,000 60,000 Note: Above numbers are approx. and may vary

Typical Absorption Chiller/Solar Package - Schematic

Example - 50 KW Absorption Chiller/Solar Package for Heating and Cooling Installed in Jordan # Item Description Description QTY 1 Chiller 50 KW cooling 2 Solar Field Evacuated Tube Collector 135 m2 3 Pumps Solar Primary Pump Chiller Hot water pump Chiller Cooling water pump Chilled water pump (Optional) 4 Buffer Tank Hot water Buffer Tank approx. 1000 Lts (Optional) 5 Heat Rejection Chiller Dry cooler approx. 100KW 6 Heat Exchanger Heating usage Solar to Boiler 7 Control Advanced control unit with optional BMS connection 8 Piping & Installation System mechanical piping, installation and start up * Total Above System Cost (US$) 250,000 Payback of above solar heating/cooling system varies between 7 and 15 years depending on location ,utilization factor, back-up design and requirements. Solar heating/cooling system life time is approx. 25 years. Surface area required for solar panels and chiller≈ 250 m² Above numbers are approx. and may vary

Factors Affecting Cost & Output Funded by German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety (BMU) and in partnership between Jordan Ministry of Environment and Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH; Four Solar Cooling projects are retrofitted by MEI into existing buildings in various locations in Jordan to establish basis for sustainable air-condition industry in Jordan and in the MENA region: Following actors are learned from the 4 projects that affect cost & output: Integration into existing cooling/heating systems and site criteria such as need of crane, length of piping, location of chiller and equipment related to final connection point. Conventional heating/cooling operating temperatures… Conventional load profile and ability to match solar output… Readiness of land/roof area for solar collectors and equipment…. Availability of existing storage that can be utilized for heating /cooling…

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