National Land Records Modernization Programme NLRMP National Land Records Modernization Programme By L P Sharma, Technical Director, NIC Sikkim INSTRUCTOR NOTE: This module covers the following topics: Objectives Drawbacks of existing system Components of NLRMP Underlying Principles Salient Points Outputs Benefits Programme Logistics Implementation Ladder Approach Scope of NLRMP

OBJECTIVE “To develop a modern, comprehensive and transparent land records management system in the country with the aim to implement the conclusive land-titling system with title guarantee.” 2

Issues In Existing System Multiple handling agencies – lack of coordination. There is a disconnect between the registration office, the land records data and the cadastral data No uniformity of standards: Different standards followed to specify the same characteristics of land. Old and outdated, incomplete and inaccurate cadastral records – graphical + textual Survey/ resurvey using traditional methods are costly, time-consuming and error-prone Gap between – RoR (Record Of Rights) and Registration - Registration & RoR (mutation) - mutation & sub-division(graphic record) - sub-division and Registration 3

Components of NLRMP Though NLRMP is formed by merging Computerization of Land Records (CLR), Strengthening of Revenue Administration and Updating of Land Records (SRA&ULR), but it contains new components like registration and titling system. Computerization of Registration Computerization of land records Survey/resurvey and updating of the survey & settlement records Development of core GIS and capacity building. Automatic flow of data from SRO to Land Records to initiate mutation

REGISTRATION LAND RECORDS NLRMP CADASTRAL MAPS

NLRMP Center Cadastral Mapping Land Records Registration Internet Database & Application Server Switch 100/1000 Scanning Registration Cadastral Mapping Presentation Land Records Registration

UNDERLYING PRINCIPLES The system will be based on four basic principles: The “mirror” principle The “curtain” principle A single integral window to handle land records Title insurance 7

National Land Records Modernization Programme (NLRMP) – Implementation of Land Titling System

The “mirror” principle The mirror principle refers to the fact that cadastral records mirror the ground reality.

The “curtain” principle The “curtain” principle indicates that the record of title is true a depiction of the ownership status, mutation is automatic following registration and the reference to past records is not necessary.

Title Insurance Title insurance, which guarantees the title for its correctness and the title holder against loss arising on account of any defect therein.

NLRMP Salient Points Land records will be updated through surveys/re-survey using modern technology such as ETS/GPS,Aerial Photography or satellite imagery. The land records will be kept updated at all times by interconnecting textual land records, survey maps and registration offices with each other. The citizen will gain access to his/ her land records as updated land records will be placed on website. This will facilitate the checking of the land records by the citizen and enable the citizen to get loans and credit faster eventually on-line At the moment 2-3 offices deal with land records. Interconnectivity through IT will enable the state governments to offer “front desk” services so that the citizen can go to a single agency to get updated records.

NLRMP Salient Points (cont’d) The registration will give information on web of property values enabling citizen to pay stamp duty and registration fees through banks instead of having to purchase stamp papers. The legacy data i.e. past transactions of properties will be posted on the web. Computerized mutations to reduce time taken for mutations. The ultimate goal is to introduce title guarantee for property,have updated records all the time , prevent litigations and frauds on land deals as far as possible by providing clear and conclusive titles.

OUTPUT Title guarantee/Certificate for property Have updated records all the time Prevent litigations and frauds on Land deals

BENEFITS The new System will Modernize management of land records Minimize scope of land disputes Enhance transparency in the land records maintenance system Facilitate moving towards guaranteed conclusive titles to immovable properties in the country 15

A Possible Approach LRISD, NIC HQRS, NEW DELHI 16

PROGRAMME LOGISTICS To be completed by 12th Plan Impact Will affect 950 million rural population (approx.) Will account for 2.2 million sq. kms. (approx.) of rural land Estimated Programme Cost=Rs 5656 Crore Centre contributes Rs 3098 Crore States contribute Rs 2558 Crore 17

IMPLEMENTATION The State Governments/UT Administrations will implement the programme with financial and technical supports from the Dept. of Land Resources, Government of India. Outsourcing is permissible. The district will be taken as the unit of implementation, where all activities under the programme will converge. Initial funding will be provided to the States/UTs based on their perspective plan and annual plan for the first year. However, continued funding will be conditional upon the States/UTs signing the Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) with the DoLR and following its stipulations. 18

LADDER APPROACH The Primary & Secondary Ladders proposed under NLRMP Primary ladder – for conclusive titles Secondary ladder – for archival purposes and strengthening of revenue administration 19

Primary Ladder : Approach 1 Registration - computerization of SROs Integration of registration and land records maintenance systems Automatic mutation following registration Mutation – updating of pending cases and their computerization Integration of textual and spatial data Survey, including ground control networks and ground truthing Training and strengthening of training institutions Strengthening of technical organizations Record rooms at Registration/ tehsil levels Link up with development process Legal changes Conclusive titles 20

Primary Ladder : Approach 2 Survey, including ground control networks and ground truthing Mutation – updating of pending cases and their computerization Integration of textual and spatial data Registration - computerization of SROs Integration of registration and land records maintenance systems Automatic mutation following registration Training and strengthening of training institutions Strengthening of technical organizations Record rooms at Registration/ tehsil levels Link up with development process Legal changes Conclusive titles 21

Secondary Ladder Computerization of existing records Scanning of existing survey maps Computerizing Registration workflow Computerization of legacy mutation data Record rooms 22

SCOPE OF PROGRAMME Computerization of land records Survey/resurvey and updating of the survey & settlement records Computerization of Registration Modern record rooms/land records management centres at tehsil/taluk/circle/block level Training & capacity building Core GIS Legal changes Programme management 23

1. Computerization of land records Data entry/re-entry/data conversion of all textual records including mutation records and other land attributes data Digitization of cadastral maps Integration of textual and spatial data Tehsil, sub-division/district Computer centers State-level data centres Inter-connectivity among revenue offices 24

2. Survey/resurvey & updating of the survey & settlement records Available Options: Pure ground method using electronic total station (ETS) and global positioning system (GPS) Hybrid methodology using aerial photography and ground truthing by ETS and GPS High Resolution Satellite Imagery (HRSI) and ground truthing by ETS and GPS.

3. Computerization of Registration Computerization of the sub-registrar’s offices (SROs) Data entry of valuation details Data entry of legacy encumbrance data Scanning & preservation of old documents Connectivity to SROs with revenue offices

4. Modern record rooms/land records management centres Modern record rooms/land records management centres at level of Tehsil Taluk Circle Block

5. Training & capacity building Training, workshops, etc. Strengthening of the Survey and Revenue training institutes

6. Core GIS Village index base maps from satellite imagery, for creating the core GIS Integration of three layers of data Spatial data from aerial photography or high-resolution satellite imagery Survey of India and Forest Survey of India maps Cadastral maps from revenue records.

7. Legal Changes Amendments to the Registration Act, 1908 Amendments to the State Stamp Acts Transfer of property Act 1882 Other legal changes Model law for conclusive titling

8. Programme Management Programme Sanctioning & Monitoring Committee Core Technical Advisory Group in the DoLR and the States/UTs Programme Management Unit (PMU) in the DoLR and the States/UTs Information, education and communication (IEC) activities Evaluation

Cadastral Maps By Revenue Dept with respect to WSG84 datum Maps with different scale and projection from other departments/agencies

Status of Computerization of Land Records & Process-Sikkim Complete in all Districts & Sub-divisions except in Chungthang Sub-division consisting of 1 circle of 6 blocks and Gangtok Station Circle consisting of 8 Blocks Chungthang pending due to discrepancy in records & disputes in private and forest land. Gangtok is pending because 1978 Survey records are not attested.

SLRC features Complete replacement of manual records through notification. Manual records of rights ( Parcha) are not accepted anywhere in the state Not just computerization of records but computerization of process as work flows from one desk to another through computerized LAN environment

SLRC features - contd. Database is maintained at the mutation centre ( Sub-division headquarter) Integrity of land records Land records are fully secured as these protected by passwords & biometric devices Land records can not be changed unless authorized by three levels ( processed by Revenue Supervisor, checked by head surveyor and approved by Revenue Officer) System log is maintained

SLRC features - contd. Consistency of records as system generated holding no. and plot no. Tracking of application is easy as each applicant is given system generated unique serial no. System generated public notices are issued resulting in considerable saving in time

SLRC features - contd. System generated note sheet for three level in all routine cases resulting in saving in time. System also supports writing notes/memo which are stored. Once mutation is approved land records are updated and mutation order is generated for field functionary and head office

SLRC features - contd. Old parchas are surrendered in the office and all parties are given new computerized parchas. Provision for putting encumbrances for the particular plot no. debarring mutation or any other activity. Income certificate is much easier to give as system calculates income from land. History information of particular plot is easy to trace as desired by banks etc.

SLRC features - contd. Query on the basis of caste, community and size of land holding is much easier. Annual demand roll for land rent is much easier to prepare. System calculate mutation fees depending on the size of land, hence no possibility of revenue evasion Details of pending cases are available at the click of button for each level. In case of leave/transfer system generated handing/ taking over.

SLRC features - contd. Standardization of caste, surname, type of land, class of land through codified system. Checklist in the system for documents required for particular service. Supervisory officer can register new users, deregister old users, allocate work among them and all these changes are recorded in the system. Local Language Driven Easy Menu Driven and User Friendly On site and Off site backup

Sikkim Status On line Mutation in 8 Subdivisions No data flow from subdivision to district and to Hq. Need to upgrade software in web-based environment and integrate registration Requirement of full proof data recovery system. Replacement of old hardware required Re-survey required. Technical Organization and Strengthening

Proposed Data Centre-Network in Sikkim Pakyong Data Centre Rongli Data Centre Data Centre, LRDM HQ. North District Data Centre Chungthang Data Centre South Dist Data Centre East Dist Data Centre Rabangla Data Centre Mangan Sub-div Server West Dist Data Centre Sorang Data Centre Gyalshing Server Namchi Server Sikkim State Data Centre NIC Sikkim Data Centre Mirror National Data Centre Hyderabad National Data Centre Pune Gtk Server

Sikkim Status Steering Committee Technical Advisory Group/Working Level Committee Program Management Unit Data Centre Data and Service Access to Citizens Modern Record Rooms Digitization of existing Cadastral Maps and integration with software Scanning and Archiving of 1952 records.

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