New France and British North America Grade 7 History Unit 1

Let’s Set the Stage

Before the 1500s Who lived in North America? How many people? How long were they here? How did they get to North America? What language did they speak? What was their lifestyle like? Did they have government? Religion? Was it a peaceful time? http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lQRJzsoE70E Did the First Nations Peoples own North America? ANSWER IN YOUR BINDER. What would they say if you asked them? ANSWER IN YOUR BINDER. HOW DO YOU GAIN PROPERTY? ANSWER IN YOUR BINDER.

Historical Perspectives What does this term mean? In order to understand a historical perspective, what information do we need? Why are historical perspectives important to the study of history?

First Impressions What did Europeans think about the First Nations Peoples when they first arrived? What did First Nations think of Europeans? Examine the following picture to assist your thinking.

This painting depicts Jacques Cartier meeting a group of First Nations in New Brunswick. Who painted this? What does this picture tell you? How would these people perceive each other?

1. What are these objects? 2. How do you think Europeans would react to these objects? 3. Who had more information about the other group—Europeans or First Nations? Explain.

This is a picture of a palace in a rural area of France 1519-1547. Now that you see what buildings looked like in Europe at the time, would like to change your answer to the second question from the previous slide?

Early North America When did the first Europeans arrive in North America? 1534 Who was the first European to arrive in Canada? French explorer Jacques Cartier We will be looking at the time period from European contact (1534-Confederation 1867) What did “Canada” look like? P.68 – compare to our present day map What are some reasons that Europeans came to North America?

Short Quiz The PowerPoint presentation that you need to study from is on the intermediate website. The quiz will be mostly true and false questions with one short answer question. http://teacherweb.com/ON/Dovercourt/Intermediate/apt9.aspx

Relations and Power in North America 1713-1763

Relations (Aboriginal/French/British) What were relations like in 1713? Why? First Nations-British? First Nations-French? British-French? Let’s explore p. 80 Homework: read p. 76-79, p. 79 #2 Why they were in N.A. Relations w/ FN Why? British FN

Build-Up to War Who were the Acadians? (you should know this from your homework) Let’s examine the factors that lead to war between the British and the French. Let’s read p. 83-86 together. Homework p. 85 #1

Test Coming Soon French/First Nations/British Relations Major causes of British and French war in North America War in Europe Acadians Louisbourg The Ohio Valley War between the British and the French

The Seven Years’ War

Different Fighting Styles Let’s read p. 92-93 together and make point form notes / chart. Create a chart to compare European style fighting to First Nations style fighting. In 1756 war broke out between the French and British—who do you think will win?

The Early Stages of War Let’s read p. 94-95 and make some point form notes together so that we can complete question #1 on p. 95. Complete the Cause and Effect Organizer on p. 95. Would Canada be different today if the French had defeated the British? Explain.

Battle of the Plains of Abraham (p. 96-97) Let’s read p. 96-97 together and make notes Answer: “During Reading” and “After Reading” questions on p. 97 Compare the painting to the map on p. 97 What direction is the painter facing? How does the painting help you understand the map?

The Fall of New France Let’s read p. 98-99 and take notes. Activity: p. 99 #1

The Fall of New France Based on your reading of p. 94-99 write a short paragraph explaining why New France was lost to the British.

Activities P. 81 #1 P. 86 #1 P. 87 –answer questions under the picture

The Fall of New France: The Treaty of Paris Let’s read p. 100-102 and make notes Why was this treaty was created? Who signed it? Which group of people in North America did it impact the most? Why? If you were political leader what would you change, omit or add to this treaty? (Work in your groups to prepare “amendments to this treaty on chart paper)

Fall of New France: The Royal Proclamation The Royal Proclamation of 1763 (p. 112-113) Why was this proclamation created? Who did it effect and how did it effect them? How do you think the French felt about this Proclamation? The First Nations? (Role Play: town hall meeting with French and First Nations)

Assignment If you were a member of a First Nations tribe in the mid-1700s who would you want to see win the war between the British and the French? Explain. Consider: Acadians (French) – their relations with First Nations French – their interactions with First Nations and their purpose for being in North America British – their purpose for being in North America

Test Soon

British North America: 1773-1800

Quebec Act In 1774 the British passed the Quebec Act (p. 114- 115). What did this act do? Who did this act impact? If you were a British merchant in Quebec at this time, would you be surprised by Governor Carleton’s recommendations? Explain. Role play: Carleton holds a town hall meeting to explain his decision to British merchants.

The American Revolution Let’s take a look at p. 116. Create a chart: What were the causes? What were the effects? Role Play or Debate? Role Play: Leader from BNA try to convince leaders from the Thirteen Colonies not to revolt. Debate: Should the Thirteen Colonies Revolt? What did this mean for the power balance in North America?

The American Revolution Stamp Act – BR placed a high tax on stamps, this angered the 13 colonies so they boycotted. Boycott – when a group of people avoid something as an act of rebellion or protest. Boston Tea Party – the 13 colonies dump tea in Boston Harbour as a result on new BR taxes on tea.

The Loyalists (p. 118-119) Who were the loyalists? Where did they go after the American Revolution? Why? What were some challenges that the loyalists faced? If you had were British living in the Thirteen Colonies would you have fled like the loyalists or joined the patriots? Explain.

Loyalists Loyalists – people in the 13 colonies that still support BR. (BR, Dutch, German, Scottish and Black Loyalists) They were forced to leave the 13 Colonies when the 13 Colonies won the American Revolution in 1782. The Patriots – people of the 13 Colonies who supported the rebellion against Britain. 70 000 loyalists leave the 13 Colonies in 1783 and 1784. Most go to BNA

North America in 1783 What else do you notice? Page 138 shows a map of North America in 1783. Compare this map to the map on p. 83 (1713) and p. 101 (1763) and p. 145 (1791). What do you notice? What else do you notice? Consider: What part of the map is missing? What groups are missing? What groups are here that you did not expect? Where do you think they came from? Based on this map who do think has the most power at this time? Based on a map of North America today, who do you think gained the most since 1763?

Problems for the Loyalists Nova Scotia – Loyalists outnumber the existing population – feel that Halifax is too far and does not understand their needs 1784 – royal charter to create the colony of New Brunswick Quebec – still governed by the Quebec Act – had their civil laws which also governed land ownership – Loyalists wanted the same rights as British citizens Solution – British government created the Constitutional Act of 1791

Constitutional Act of 1791: Why and for Whom? What is a constitution? Who do you think created this constitution and why? Read pages 144-145—why was this act created? How do you think these groups felt about the act and why? French British – living in BNA Loyalists

Constitutional Act of 1791 Terms: Quebec is divided into two separate colonies: Upper Canada and Lower Canada Each colony has its own elected assembly Lower Canada would continue to be ruled by French civil law (seigneurial system of land ownership) Upper Canada would have the English system of land ownership. Upper Canada – present day Ontario Lower Canada – present day Quebec P. 145 – During Reading Questions (both) P. 163 #3

Constitutional Act of 1791: New Government Structure Compare the government structure in 1791 to our current Canadian federal government. (P. 146-147) p. 146 – Question 1 (Comparing the government then and now) What are the similarities and differences? Which government would you rather live under? Explain. What group(s) of people would have preferred the 1791 system of government? Why? Case: Dovercourt has a student council. The school principal has chosen the president of the council since 1915. The students want to choose their own president. Problem: only the President can change the rules. If you were appointed could you give up your position and hold an election? How could this problem be fixed?

Government Structure of Operations (1791) Sovereign Executive Council Legislative Council Legislative Assembly Governor King or Queen (Hereditary) Qualification – members of elite class (appointed by Sovereign) Appointed Depended on the Legislated Assembly to approve money for projects These councils were known as the “The Family Compact” Qualification – Male property owner. Could refuse to approve taxes to support executive projects

The Canadian System Today Hereditary Elected Appointed Elected All members are elected Elected Appointed Elected Appointed

Report You are to write a short report on the North America from 1713-1790. Your report will begin with the sentence (thesis): “In North America, the 1700s were a time of…” You must provide 3 points to support this sentence. Each point should be written as a paragraph. Your report should also contain a short introduction and a short conclusion (where you restate your first sentence thesis). Points to consider: Acadia Battle of the Plains of Abraham The Fall of New France The Treaty of Paris The Royal Proclamation American Revolution Quebec Act First Nations Peoples Constitutional Act of 1791

End of Unit

North America before the Europeans Spirituality Individual choice Natural world Community Comparing World Views Religion Land Social Structure Economic Difference