Art, Robotics, and Technology LEDs Nanotechnology How technology has been used in art Your assignment Presentation adapted from Space Foundation Robotics/Nanotechnology 2009

A machine or device that operates automatically or by remote control A robot is defined as: A mechanical device that sometimes resembles a human and is capable of performing a variety of often complex human tasks on command or by being programmed in advance. A machine or device that operates automatically or by remote control Therefore, what device was considered the first robot and when was it developed? A clock, ~ 270 BC Presentation adapted from Space Foundation Robotics/Nanotechnology 2009

A Short History of Robots Robot Timeline: 350 BC - the Greek mathematician, Archytas (ahr ky’ tuhs) builds a mechanical bird dubbed “the pigeon” that is propelled by steam. 270 BC - a Greek engineer named Ctesibus (ti sib’ ee uhs) made a pipe organ called a “hydraulis” and water clocks with movable figures. These clocks were the most accurate until the use of the pendulum in the 17th century. 1801 – Joseph Jacquard builds an automated loom that is controlled by a punch card. Punch cards are later used as an input method for some early 20th century computers. http://prime.jsc.nasa.gov/ROV/history.html http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archytas http://robotics.megagiant.com/history.html Presentation adapted from Space Foundation Robotics/Nanotechnology 2009

1818 - Mary Shelley wrote "Frankenstein" which was about a frightening artificial life form created by Dr. Frankenstein. 1941 - Science fiction writer Isaac Asimov first used the word "robotics" to describe the technology of robots and predicted the rise of a powerful robot industry. 1942 - Asimov wrote "Runaround", a story about robots which contained the "Three Laws of Robotics" 1921 - The term "robot" was first used in a play called "R.U.R." or "Rossum's Universal Robots" by the Czech writer Karel Capek (chap’ ek). The plot was simple: man makes robot then robot kills man! http://prime.jsc.nasa.gov/ROV/history.html http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archytas http://robotics.megagiant.com/history.html Presentation adapted from Space Foundation Robotics/Nanotechnology 2009

1940 – Isaac Asimov produces a series of short stories about robots starting with “A Strange Playfellow” (later renamed “Robbie”) for Super Science Stories magazine. The story is about a robot bound to protect a child. It is later compiled into the volume, “I, Robot” in 1950. 1948 - "Cybernetics", an influence on artificial intelligence research was published by Norbert Wiener. 1956 - George Devol and Joseph Engelberger formed the world's first robot company. http://prime.jsc.nasa.gov/ROV/history.html http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archytas http://robotics.megagiant.com/history.html Presentation adapted from Space Foundation Robotics/Nanotechnology 2009

Three Laws of Robotics by Isaac Asimov A robot may not injure a human, or, through inaction, allow a human being to come to harm. A robot must obey the orders it by human beings except where such orders would conflict with the First Law. A robot must protect its own existence as long as such protection does not conflict with the First or Second Law. He later adds the “Zeroth Law”. A robot may not injure humanity, or, through inaction, allow humanity to come to harm. http://prime.jsc.nasa.gov/ROV/history.html http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archytas http://robotics.megagiant.com/history.html Presentation adapted from Space Foundation Robotics/Nanotechnology 2009

1977 – Star Wars is released. George Lucas introduces watchers to R2-D2 and C-3PO, and the strongest image of a human future with robots. It inspires a generation of researchers. 1979 - The Standford Cart crossed a chair-filled room without human assistance. The cart had a TV camera mounted on a rail which took pictures from multiple angles and relayed them to a computer. The computer analyzed the distance between the cart and the obstacles. http://prime.jsc.nasa.gov/ROV/history.html http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archytas http://robotics.megagiant.com/history.html Presentation adapted from Space Foundation Robotics/Nanotechnology 2009

1997 –Pathfinder lands on Mars. 1997 – The first node of the ISS is placed in orbit using a robotic arm. 1998 – Tiger Electronics introduces Furby. It can react to its environment and communicate using over 800 phrases. 2004 – The Mars Exploration Rovers Spirit and Opportunity land on Mars and prove that Mars was once covered with water. Image courtesy of NASA http://prime.jsc.nasa.gov/ROV/history.html http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archytas http://robotics.megagiant.com/history.html Presentation adapted from Space Foundation Robotics/Nanotechnology 2009

2004 – I, Robot, new version of robots trying to take over the world. 2005 - Honda debuts new Asimo robot that can complete office tasks. http://prime.jsc.nasa.gov/ROV/history.html http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archytas http://robotics.megagiant.com/history.html Presentation adapted from Space Foundation Robotics/Nanotechnology 2009

Why are robots important in today’s society? Presentation adapted from Space Foundation Robotics/Nanotechnology 2009

ROLES AND JOBS OF ROBOTS Computer Assisted Manufacturing Military Medical Space Exploration Personal Presentation adapted from Space Foundation Robotics/Nanotechnology 2009

Computer Assisted Manufacturing Car Industry General Packaging Mail Processing etc. Presentation adapted from Space Foundation Robotics/Nanotechnology 2009

Computer GPS guided bombs “smart bombs”. MILITARY Computer GPS guided bombs “smart bombs”. Movement of troops, weapons, etc. Advancements in war weapons, aircraft, artillery, naval ships, etc. Presentation adapted from Space Foundation Robotics/Nanotechnology 2009

Blood Pressure Machines etc. MEDICAL Prosthetic limbs Pacemakers Dialysis Machines Heart rate monitors Blood Pressure Machines etc. Presentation adapted from Space Foundation Robotics/Nanotechnology 2009

Space Exploration Robonaut Presentation adapted from Space Foundation Robotics/Nanotechnology 2009

Personal Satellite Assistant Prototyped in 2003 Volleyball sized Will aid astronauts through various means Presentation adapted from Space Foundation Robotics/Nanotechnology 2009

Robonaut Developed in 2004 Humanoid robot to assist astronauts Controlled by Virtual Reality Stereoscopic vision Dexterous hands Several configurations Presentation adapted from Space Foundation Robotics/Nanotechnology 2009

Personal Fax Machines Computers Refrigerators Blenders Watches GPS Receivers etc. Presentation adapted from Space Foundation Robotics/Nanotechnology 2009

ADVANTAGES, DISADVANTAGES, AND FUTURE CONCERNS OF ROBOTS PROS: Each machine “robot” helps our population greatly via technology advances and improvements in the overall health of our society. Medicinal advancements Labor intensive activities are decreased due to machines “robots”. Mathematical & statistical computations. Robots can go and do things that are unsafe for humans (Example: bomb disarming robots, space probes, etc.. Presentation adapted from Space Foundation Robotics/Nanotechnology 2009

CONS & Future concerns: Loss of jobs due to replacement by robots. War of the Worlds? Presentation adapted from Space Foundation Robotics/Nanotechnology 2009

Robonova - 1 Presentation adapted from Space Foundation Robotics/Nanotechnology 2009

Light Emitting Diodes and Fiber-Optic Activity LED’s are produced through nanotechnology Created one atom layer at a time The color of the LED can be controlled by varying the layers of atoms in the semiconductor Presentation adapted from Space Foundation Robotics/Nanotechnology 2009

Light Emitting Diodes and Fiber-Optic Activity LED’s are cool to the touch Most of the energy goes into light not heat Light is reflected along the interior of the fiber, like a “light pipeline” Presentation adapted from Space Foundation Robotics/Nanotechnology 2009

Nanotechnology Microprocessors and sensor technology Nickel nanowires that are used in electronic devices (cell phones) Presentation adapted from Space Foundation Robotics/Nanotechnology 2009

Nanotechnology Uses All around us sunscreen rechargeable batteries clothing stain repellants computer chips cosmetics 1.Constantly finding ways to improve duration of batteries and make the recharge process faster Presentation adapted from Space Foundation Robotics/Nanotechnology 2009

Nanotechnology Uses bottles bike frames -automotive tennis balls toothpaste 2.Nanocomposites in bike frames 3.Bottles-thinner reflective material leads to a longer shelf life 4.Cars-copper nanoparticles make for a better lubricant in car engines 5. Tennis-bounces twice as long 6. Fuel Cell technology-hydrogen

Shape Memory Alloys Made from a nickel and titanium alloy Result of an “atomic bullet” in which atoms subtly shift position in response to a stimulus Eyeglasses, surgical stents, arch wires for braces Presentation adapted from Space Foundation Robotics/Nanotechnology 2009

Experimenting with LEDs, robotics, and shape memory alloys Presentation adapted from Space Foundation Robotics/Nanotechnology 2009

Robotics and Technology in Art Leonardo da Vinci Presentation adapted from Space Foundation Robotics/Nanotechnology 2009

Robotics and Technology in Art The Kinetica Museum in London A Tiny Point of Light by Dianne Harris Dante Leonelli- Notting Hill Gate Instillation, 2005-06 Presentation adapted from Space Foundation Robotics/Nanotechnology 2009

Robotics and Technology in Art The Kinetica Museum in London Peter Vogal- Trio, 2006 Jim Bond- untitled, n. d. Istvan Haraszty Circles 1967 Presentation adapted from Space Foundation Robotics/Nanotechnology 2009

Robotics and Technology in Art Nam June Paik 1932-2006 Born in Seoul Korea 1956 graduated with art degree from University Tokyo Joslyn Art Museum hosts one of his artworks Family of Robots, n.d. Presentation adapted from Space Foundation Robotics/Nanotechnology 2009

Robotics and Technology in Art Nam June Paik Megatron/Matrix, 1995 Presentation adapted from Space Foundation Robotics/Nanotechnology 2009

Robotics and Technology in Art Nam June Paik Global Encoder, n.d Buddha Game, 1991 Cage, 1990 Jacob’s Ladder, 2000 Presentation adapted from Space Foundation Robotics/Nanotechnology 2009

Robotics and Technology in Art Jenny Holzer 1950-current Born in Gallipolis, Ohio MFA from the Rhode Island School of Design Received 3 honorary doctorates Still working in New York Presentation adapted from Space Foundation Robotics/Nanotechnology 2009

Robotics and Technology in Art Jenny Holzer Truisms, 1978 Untitled (text from various works), 1989 A Survival Sorozatbol 1985-86 Presentation adapted from Space Foundation Robotics/Nanotechnology 2009

Robotics and Technology in Art Barbara Kruger 1945-current Born in Newark, New Jersey Worked for Mademoiselle Magazine and House and Garden before starting her feminist-style art career Lives in N.Y. and L.A. Exhibition Piece 2, n. d. Presentation adapted from Space Foundation Robotics/Nanotechnology 2009

Robotics and Technology in Art Barbara Kruger Exhibition Piece 3, n. d. Love for Sale, n. d. Presentation adapted from Space Foundation Robotics/Nanotechnology 2009

Robotics and Technology in Art Other Kinetic Artists David Shingler Bird Drawing Machine, 2008 Bruce Gray California Dreamin’, 2008 Presentation adapted from Space Foundation Robotics/Nanotechnology 2009

Your Assignment Use modern technology or robotics to create an advance work of art Must use some form of modern technology Must effectively demonstrate your technological choice (move, light up, etc.) Must use your previous knowledge of the artistic elements (line, shape, value, color, movement, etc.) Presentation adapted from Space Foundation Robotics/Nanotechnology 2009

Sample Assignments Extreme Sheep LEDs Presentation adapted from Space Foundation Robotics/Nanotechnology 2009