Part 4: Human Impacts Gajaseni(BBA)

Human’s Impacts on Environment 1. Cause of human’s impacts 2. Global changes 3. Biodiversity loss Gajaseni(BBA)

Human consumption caused environmental problems Water consumption Land use demand Energy consumption Food production Gajaseni(BBA)

World Water Supply Water available for human use Freshwater = 3% of total water on earth Only 0.003% readily available freshwater Gajaseni(BBA)

Gajaseni(BBA)

Gajaseni(BBA)

Gajaseni(BBA)

Water withdrawal by use Domestic purpose = 8% Industrial purpose = 23% Agricultural purpose = 69% Gajaseni(BBA)

Gajaseni(BBA)

Gajaseni(BBA)

Gajaseni(BBA)

Gajaseni(BBA)

Using dams to supply more water: To capture an store water from rain and melting snow To produce hydroelectric power To provide water for irrigation To improve flood control system To provide recreational activities Gajaseni(BBA)

Disadvantages of dams: Loss of water through evaporation Cause of earthquake Ecological biodiversity loss Disruption of fish migration Reduction of nutrient-rich silt to river mouth Gajaseni(BBA)

Gajaseni(BBA)

Land use demand Land on earth 51% not usable land 21% usable land 28% potential usable for cropland and grazing land Gajaseni(BBA)

Gajaseni(BBA)

Agriculture practices caused the increase of land use demand. Urbanisation increased the rate of land use change. Gajaseni(BBA)

Gajaseni(BBA)

Energy consumption Non-renewable energy Fossil fuels, natural gas, coal Gajaseni(BBA)

Gajaseni(BBA)

Gajaseni(BBA)

Gajaseni(BBA)

Gajaseni(BBA)

Gajaseni(BBA)

Gajaseni(BBA)

Gajaseni(BBA)

Gajaseni(BBA)

Gajaseni(BBA)

Gajaseni(BBA)

Gajaseni(BBA)

Gajaseni(BBA)

Gajaseni(BBA)

Gajaseni(BBA)

Renewable energy Solar energy Active solar heating system to absorb solar energy and be used directly and the rest can be stored in insulated tanks Passive solar heating system to capture sunlight directly within a structure and converts it into low-temp heat for space heating Gajaseni(BBA)

Solar cell electricity generating Photovoltaic panels on roof Sunlight creates an direct current (DC) electric current and can be stored in battery DC electricity needs to convert to alternating current (AC). Gajaseni(BBA)

Gajaseni(BBA)

Geothermal energy from earth’s mantle can be used for space heating to produce electricity or high-temp heat for industrial processes. Gajaseni(BBA)

Gajaseni(BBA)

Wind energy The use of wind to produce electricity in the potential area The wind farms emit no heat trapping CO2 or other air pollutants and no need water cooling. Gajaseni(BBA)

Gajaseni(BBA)

Biomass energy is an advisable energy option. 14% of the world’s energy 35% of the energy used in developing countries for domestic consumption (heating and cooking) Solid biomass Liquid or gaseous biofuels Gajaseni(BBA)

Gajaseni(BBA)

Food production Fish production Grain production 70% of fish catch from ocean 1/3 of the world fish harvest is not consumed directly by humans and is used as animal feed, fish meal and oils. Grain production Rice, wheat and corn are major grain for 2/3 world population. Gajaseni(BBA)

Gajaseni(BBA)

Gajaseni(BBA)

Livestock production Meat production increased 29% from 1950-1996. Meat-based diet of people in developed and developing countries has effects on resource use, environmental degradation, pollution and disease. Gajaseni(BBA)

Cause of human’s impacts Deforestation Over harvesting Over consumption Low efficient food production Unsustainable technology Gajaseni(BBA)

Conclusions What should human do for the future? Reduce human population Change of consumer behaviour Reduce environmental problems Gajaseni(BBA)