LESSON OBJECTIVES/ GOALS/ SWBAT STANDARD(S): 11.1 Students analyze the significant events in the founding of the nation. LESSON OBJECTIVES/ GOALS/ SWBAT 1. Describe the impact of new markets, entrepreneurs, and inventions on the 19th-century American economy. 2. Explain the ways in which workplaces changed during the market revolution. 3. Summarize the efforts of workers to improve their economic security.

A BULLDOG ALWAYS Commitment Attitude CARES Respect Encouragement Safety

The Market Revolution Section 4 Inventions and economic developments in the early 19th century helps transform American society. NEXT

The Market Revolution The Market Revolution U.S. Markets Expand 4 SECTION The Market Revolution The Market Revolution U.S. Markets Expand • Market revolution—people buy and sell goods rather than make them • In 1840s economy grows more than in previous 40 years • Free enterprise—private businesses free to operate for profit • Entrepreneurs invest own money in new industries Continued . . . NEXT

SECTION 4: THE MARKET REVOLUTION Known as the Market Revolution, people increasingly bought and sold goods rather than make them for themselves A 19th century market

U.S. Markets Expand The first half of the 19th century in America, brought vast changes to technology, transportation, and production Inventions and economic developments in the early 19th century helps transform American society.

How did these innovations and inventions help expand the national market economy? 1. Entrepreneurial activity Provided investment capital to create new companies and industries that boosted U.S. industrial output

CHP3:SECTION4:A A – How did entrepreneurs contribute to the market revolution? Entrepreneurs created new businesses and new products to be bought and sold.

Inventions and Improvements 4 SECTION continued The Market Revolution Inventions and Improvements • Samuel F. B. Morse’s telegraph helps business, railroads communicate • Improved transportation systems cut freight costs, speed travel NEXT

Inventions and Improvements 1837 – Samuel Morse invented the Telegraph Railroads were becoming faster and more numerous by 1830 surpassing canals as # 1 means of transport By 1854, 23,000 miles of telegraph wire crossed the country

How did these innovations and inventions help expand the national market economy? 2. Telegraph Improved communication; allowed businesspersons to stay in contact; helped trains move more efficiently and safely; linked regions of the country

The Market Revolution Transforms the Nation 4 SECTION continued The Market Revolution The Market Revolution Transforms the Nation • Many manufactured goods become affordable in early 1800s • Transportation, communication links make regions interdependent • Northeast becomes industrial, commercial; farmers go to Midwest NEXT

The Market Revolution Transforms the Nation Robert Fulton invented the Steamboat and by 1830, 200 were on the Mississippi

How did these innovations and inventions help expand the national market economy? 3. Steamboat Improved transportation; reduced travel time for goods and people, allowing agricultural and industrial expansion; decreased freight charges

How did these innovations and inventions help expand the national market economy? 4. Railroad Decreased travel time for goods and people; linked regions of the country

How did these innovations and inventions help expand the national market economy? 5. Canals Opened more efficient trade routes; decreased freight charges; linked regions

How did these innovations and inventions help expand the national market economy? 6. Steel plow Made farming more efficient; allowed farmers to shift from subsistence fanning to growing cash crops

CHP3:4:A B – How did technology influence both the North and Midwest in the 1840’s? Technology influenced the North and Midwest by improving means of transportation and communication. Inventions such as the steel plow and the reaper also improved farming in the Midwest.

Changing Workplaces Effect of Factories 4 SECTION Changing Workplaces Effect of Factories • Families split, towns created, employer-worker relationships change • Machines allow unskilled workers to do jobs of skilled artisans NEXT

Effect of Factories • Families split, towns created, employer-worker relationships change • Machines allow unskilled workers to do jobs of skilled artisans

Changing Workplaces The Lowell Textile Mills 4 SECTION Changing Workplaces The Lowell Textile Mills • In 1820s, Lowell textile mills employ young farm women • Women get lower pay than men, but factories pay more than other jobs • Conditions worsen: work over 12 hours; dark, hot, cramped factories NEXT

• employ young farm women Women get lower pay than men, but factories pay more than other jobs • Conditions worsen: work over 12 hours; dark, hot, cramped factories

How did these developments affect the lives of workers? 7. Textile mills Brought workers into factory to make goods; introduced workers to industrial work discipline; allowed unskilled workers to replace skilled artisans

Workers Seek Better Conditions 4 SECTION Workers Seek Better Conditions Workers Strike • 1830s, 1840s U.S. workers go on strike— work stoppage over job issues • Employers defeat strikes, replace workers with immigrants NEXT

Workers Strike In 1834, Lowell, Massachusetts textile workers went on strike after their wages were lowered one example of the dozens of strikes in the U.S. in the 1830s and 1840s

Workers Seek Better Conditions 4 SECTION Workers Seek Better Conditions Immigration Increases • Immigration—moving to a new country— of 3 million people (1830–1860) NEXT

Immigration Increases —moving to a new country— 3 million people (1830–1860)

Workers Seek Better Conditions 4 SECTION Workers Seek Better Conditions National Trades’ Union • 1830s, trade unions in different towns join to expand their power • Groups from several industries form National Trades’ Union (1834) • Commonwealth v. Hunt: MA Supreme Court supports right to strike NEXT

Several industries formed the National Trade Union in 1834 in hopes of bettering their conditions STRIKES AND UNIONS BECAME MORE NUMEROUS AFTER 1830

How did these developments affect the lives of workers? 8. National Trades’ Union Offered workers a chance to expand their power in the workplace by organizing efforts to improve pay and working conditions

National Trades’ Union • Commonwealth v. Hunt: MA Supreme Court supports right to strike

How did these developments affect the lives of workers? 9. Commonwealth v. Hunt Declared that workers had the legal right to organize to protect their rights

CHP3:4:A C – What was the attitude of many factory owners toward their workers? Most factory owners regarded their workers in the same way that they regarded their machinery. They were to be maintained to provide maximum production and discarded when no longer of any use.

How did these developments affect the lives of workers? 10. Industrialization Created many jobs; produced goods efficiently; created new markets; produced new goods for use in other sectors of the economy (agriculture, transportation)

CHP3:4:A D – Why were most labor strikes of the 1830’s and 1840’s ineffective? Workers were not well organized, they had little public support, and strikers could be easily replaced.