ANIMAL BEHAVIORS Biology Objective 4.05

WORDS TO DEFINE Chapter 34, page 871 Behavior Stimulus Response Habituation Classical conditioning Imprinting

Animals Behave… It is only natural for one to behave like others in their surroundings. BEHAVIOR- (def.) an organism’s reaction to STIMULI (def.) Ex: If you hear a loud noise, you might jump!

Animals Behave… An animal’s reaction to a STIMULUS may not be a BEHAVIOR, but it may be a RESPONSE (def.)

Examples of Stimuli Light Sound Odor Heat Some birds use the Earth’s magnetic field as a stimulus when they migrate! ALL animals evolve to stimuli: P 872, fig 34-3

Three Types of Behavior Innate Behavior INSTINCT or TAXIS Behavior performed with no prior experience or knowledge Ex: suckling= instinct movement toward/ away from light Migration Estivation hibernation

Three types of Behavior 2) Learned Behavior Behavior that comes from adaptation to stimuli when innate responses are not enough Develop over time (Ex: learning to read!)

Three types of Behavior Learned behavior (cont’d) Animals learn from our parent’s behaviors THERE ARE DIFFERENT TYPES OF LEARNED BEHAVIOR: Habituation Classical Conditioning

Habituation (def.) Repetition! The animal ignores a non-threat stimuli Shore Ragworm p 874

Classical Conditioning (def.) Conditioning a response to stimuli Ex: when a dog sees a leash, it wants to go for a walk! Pavlov’s Dog, p 874 fig 34-5 Also called “trial and error”

Animal Behavior Video Links Aggression video: http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=-3353690792780281905 hippo http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=-6431936272692514162 fish http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=-8700762306028910441 (Classical cond) http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=-4622898984936634867

Imprinting (def.) INVOLVES BOTH LEARNED & INNATE BEHAVIORS Usually seen in fowl (geese, ducks) Young hatchlings follow and mimic the first moving thing that they see! Can also use scent instead of sight (Salmon)

ASSIGNMENT P 876 #’s 1, 2, 4, 5

Three Types of Behavior 3) Social Behavior Communication between animals (Visual, Sound, Touch, or Chemical) Ex: Language in Humans Can be based on seasonal change (birds migrating, mating seasons)

Social Behavior (cont’d) Types of social behavior: Courtship Territorial Defense Pheromones

Courtship Communication between males and females in species An individual sends out stimuli Visual (courtship dance, vivid colors) Sound (mating call) Chemicals that attract the opposite sex Stimuli become “ritual”

Courtship (cont’d) The function of courtship is to find the most healthy mate! Survival of the species depends upon passing on the traits that are going to help the species survive. Ex: Humans want to choose the most “becoming” significant other!

Mating Ritual Moose Mating Call trmichels.com

Competition Organisms show competition when they are fighting over a resource (land, food, mate) Aggression (GRrRrRrrrrrrrrr!) Ex: Territorial competition in fighting fish (beta fish) http://www.repticzone.net/images/3854/ooooooo.JPG

Pheromones Pheromones are chemical signals that affect animal behavior Only used in animals with highly developed smell organs (fish, bees, ants)

Plants Behave Too! Plants respond to stimuli just like animals do, but they have special ways of showing it! TROPISMS- growth of a plant in response to a stimulus. Three basic types: Phototropism, Geotropism, and Thigmotropism

Phototropism Response to light Plants will grow in any direction to get to a light source

Geotropism Response to gravity Roots grow toward earth in response to gravity

Thigmotropism Response to touch Some plants ‘vine’ around objects for support (beans, grapes, morning glories)

Assignment P 882 #’s 2-4

EOC REVIEW! Go over sections 2 & 3 TIME TO WORK ON NEXT ASSIGNMENT IN CLASS!