GCSE PE REVISION YEAR 11

GCSE PE REVISION Benefits of exercise can be…………. 1.SOCIAL 2.MENTAL 3.PHYSICAL

GCSE PE REVISION EXPLAIN THESE TERMS… 1.PHYSICAL CHALLENGE 1.ASTHETIC APPRECIATION

GCSE PE REVISION INFLUENCES ON A PERSONS INVOLVEMENT IN PHYSICAL ACTIVITY ARE…. 1.Cultural 2.Health and Well-being 3.Image 4.People 5.Socio-economic 6. Resources

GCSE PE REVISION ROLES IN SPORT

GCSE PE REVISION SPORTS PARTICIPATION PYRAMID Elite/ Excellence Performance Participation Foundation

GCSE PE REVISION SPORTING INITIATIVES TOP LINK START-STAY- SUCCEED SPORTS EQUIPMENT

GOVERNMENT INITIAIVES aim- Increase opportunities for 5-16 year olds Strengthens links between schools and local sports clubs Development of the school sports partnership PESSCL ( PE School Sport and Club Links)

GCSE PE REVISION state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity” The ability to meet the demands of the environment Planned, structured and repeated body movements done to improve one or more components of physical fitness FITNESS HEALTH EXERCISE

GCSE PE REVISION QUESTION TIME If you are physically fit does this mean that you are healthy? Explain your answer WON THE TOUR DE FRANCE 7 TIMES IN A ROW!

GCSE PE REVISION HEALTH RELATED Cardiovascular fitness Muscular Strength Muscular Endurance Flexibility Body Composition SKILL RELATED Power Coordination Reaction time Agility Balance Speed

Principles of Training SPECIFICITY PROGRESSIVE OVERLOAD REST AND RECOVERY INDIVIDUAL NEEDS FITT

Threshold * Increasing the amount of physical work you do in order to increase your fitness * Similar to progressive overload, however it gives a clear guideline for safe working levels (provided the individual is healthy) * Suggested that the average performer should train between 60 and 80 per cent of their maximum heart rate How do we work out maximum heart rate?

GCSE PE REVISION GOAL SETTING : SPECIFIC MEASURABLE ACHEIVABLE REALISTIC TIMEBOUND

GCSE PE REVISION Methods of training CIRCUIT WEIGHT TRAINING CONTINUOUS FARTLEK INTERVAL CROSS TRAINING

GCSE PE REVISION AEROBIC VS ANAEROBIC

Components of a Healthy Diet TASK: unscramble the words below: 1. CSAERTBOHDRAY 2.EIPRONT 3.TAF 4. MIVITNSA 5. MINRAELS 6. TEWRA 7. BFIER

Components of a Healthy Diet The answers…. 1. CARBOHYDRATES 2.PROTEIN 3.FAT 4. VITAMINS 5. MINERALS 6. WATER 7. FIBRE

GCSE PE REVISION MACRO NUTRIETS Needed in large amounts in your diet CHO, fat, protein MICRO NUTRIENTS Needed in small amounts Vitamins and minerals

TIMING OF DIETARY INTAKE VASCULAR SHUNT MECHANISM When you exercise blood is needed at the muscles The vascular shunt mechanism is where the blood vessels contract at places where the blood is not needed so readily to force the blood ( shunt it) to places it is needed like your muscles during exercise and your digestive system when you have just eaten You get a stitch as a result of not leaving enough time between eating and doing physical activity as not enough blood goes to the digestive system as it is needed more readily at the muscles

SOMATOTYPES ECTOMORPH Tall Thin Narrow shoulders and hips Example athletes: high jumpers, long distance runners MESOMORPH Muscular physique Wide shoulders, narrow hips Example athletes: Sprinters, swimming, rowing ENDOMORPH  Short  Dumpy  Narrow shoulders, wide hips  Example athlete: sumo wrestlers

GCSE PE REVISION WEIGHT TERMS: OBESE UNDERWEIGHT OVERFAT OVERWEIGHT ANOREXIC

OPTIMUM WEIGHT The ideal weight for different types of athletes will depend on the demands of their sport. Why will the below 2 athletes need to differ in weight?

GCSE PE REVISION DRUGS TYPE OF DRUGEFFECT ON PERFORMANCESIDE EFFECT ANABOLIC STEROIDSIncrease muscle mass Increases blood pressure BETA BLOCKERSLower heart rate-calming effect Lowers heart rate to dangerous levels STIMULANTSIncreases alertness Insomnia, high blood pressure DIURETICSIncrease rate of urination- lose weight faster. Masking agent Dehydration EPO (PEPTIDE HORMONES)Increase no of red blood cells- increases body capacity to carry oxygen Increased risk of blood clots NARCOTIC ANALGESICSReduce the feeling of pain Make injuries worse RECREATIONAL DRUGSVariety of effects: Alcohol can calm and nicotine can increase alertness as can caffeine Increased risk of cancer. Alcohol and caffeine can cause dehydration

SPRAIN

STRAIN

DISLOCATION

CONCUSSION

TENNIS ELBOW

GREEN STICK FRACTURE

STRESS FRACTURE

SIMPLE FRACTURE

GOLFERS ELBOW

GCSE PE REVISION PREVENTING INJURIES

GCSE PE REVISION CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM Key terms: KEY TERMEXPLANATION Heart RateNumber of times the heart beats per minute Stroke VolumeThe amount of blood ejected from the heart per beat Cardiac OutputThe amount of blood ejected from the heart per minute Blood pressureForce exerted by the circulatory blood against the blood vessel walls CholesterolFatty substance carried in the blood by lipoproteins which comes in 2 forms (HDL/LDL)

GCSE PE REVISION CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM IMMEDIATE EFFECTS LONG TERM EFFECTS HEALTH EFFECTS Increased working heart rate Cardiac HypertrophyHealthier arteries and veins Increased blood pressure Lower resting heart rateReduced chance of CHD Increased stroke volumeQuicker recovery rateIncreases HDL and lowers LDL Increased cardiac output Lower blood pressure at rest Lower blood pressure= lower chance of angina, strokes etc Vascular shunting of blood to working muscles

GCSE PE REVISION CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM SMOKING Increases Heart rate Reduces the amount of HDL In the blood Increases the tendency for the blood to clot ALCOHOL Chronic alcohol can cause hypertension Damage the heart tissue

GCSE PE REVISION RESPIRATORY SYSTEM Key terms: KEY TERMEXPLANATION ALVEOLIAir sacs where gaseous exchange take place TIDAL VOLUMEThe amount of air expired and inhaled with each normal breath VITAL CAPACITYThe amount of air that can pass in and out of the lungs through maximum inhalation and exhalation OXYGEN DEBTThe extra oxygen consumed during recovery compared to that consumed at rest

GCSE PE REVISION RESPIRATORY SYSTEM IMMEDIATE EFFECTS LONG TERM EFFECTS HEALTH EFFECTS Increased Breathing rateImproved efficiency of the lungs Increased depth of breathing More alveoli become available for gaseous exchange Oxygen debt created if working anerobically

GCSE PE REVISION RESPIRATORY SYSTEM SMOKING Damages the alveoli Cause lung cancer due to build up of tar

GCSE PE REVISION Muscular system DELTOIDS TRAPEZIUS TRICEPS LATISSIUMUS DORSI HAMSTRINGS GASTROCNEMIUS PECTORALS BICEPS ABDOMINALS QUADRICEPS GLUTEALS

GCSE PE REVISION Muscular System JOINT MOVEMENTS: MOVEMENTEXPLANATION FLEXIONAngle at the joint is getting smaller EXTENSIONAngle at the joint is getting bigger ABDUCTIONMovement away from the body ADDUCTIONMovement towards the body ROTATIONMovement around the joint PLANTAR FLEXIONPointing toes downwards DORSI FLEXIONToes pointing upwards

GCSE PE REVISION MUSCULAR SYSTEM FLEXION AT THE ELBOW BICEPS:

GCSE PE REVISION MUSCULAR SYSTEM EXTENSION AT THE ELBOW TRICEPS:

GCSE PE REVISION MUSCULAR SYSTEM ABDUCTION AT THE SHOULDER DELTOIDS:

GCSE PE REVISION MUSCULAR SYSTEM ADDUCTION AT THE SHOULDER LATISSIMUS DORSI:

GCSE PE REVISION MUSCULAR SYSTEM ADDUCTION AND ROTATION AT THE SHOULDER PECTORALS:

GCSE PE REVISION MUSCULAR SYSTEM ROTATION OF THE SCAPULAR TRAPEZIUS:

GCSE PE REVISION MUSCULAR SYSTEM FLEXION OF THE TRUNK ABDOMINALS:

GCSE PE REVISION MUSCULAR SYSTEM EXTENSION AT THE HIP GLUTEALS:

GCSE PE REVISION MUSCULAR SYSTEM EXTENSION AT THE KNEE QUADRICEPS:

GCSE PE REVISION MUSCULAR SYSTEM FLEXION AT THE KNEE HAMSTRINGS:

GCSE PE REVISION MUSCULAR SYSTEM PLANTAR FEXION GASTROCNEMIUS:

GCSE PE REVISION MUSCULAR SYSTEM How muscles work: Muscles work in pairs. One muscle contracts (AGONIST) While the other relaxes (antagonist) Together they are known as an ANTAGONISTIC PAIR AGONISTANTAGONIST BICEP QUADRICEP PECTORALS DELTOIDS

GCSE PE REVISION MUSCULAR SYSTEM TYPES OF MUSCULAR CONTRACTIONS: 1.ISOMETRIC 1.ISOTONIC

IMMEDIATE AND LONG TERM EFFECTS ON THE MUSCLULAR SYSTEM IMMEDIATE/SHORT TERM EFFECTS LONG TERM EFFECTS LACTIC ACID MAY BUILD UP IF WORKING ANEROBICALLY INCREASE IN MUSCLE SIZE- HYPERTROPHY INCREASE IN FUEL DEMAND- GLYGOGEN INCREASE IN MUSCULAR STRENGTH/ENDURANCE FATIGUEINCREASE IN POWER

FUNCTIONS OF THE SKELETON Movement Provides muscles an attachment to allow movement. Shape & Support Determines whether we are short or tall. It keeps us upright Protection Some bones protect internal organs.

SKELETAL SYSTEM TYPES OF JOINTS: BALL AND SOCKET ALLOW THE BONE TO MOVE ROUND A 360 DEGREE ANGLE ALLOWS FLEXION, EXTENNSION, ABDUCTION, ADDUCTION AND ROTATION EXAMPLES= SHOULDER JOINT AND HIP JOINT

SKELETAL SYSTEM TYPES OF JOINTS: HINGE ALLOW MOVEMENT BACKWARD AND FORWARD (FLEXION AND EXTENSION) EXAMPLES= KNEE JOINT, ELBOW JOINT, FINGERS

SKELETAL SYSTEM LONG TERM EFFECTS OF EXERCISE ON THE SKELETAL SYSTEM 1.Increased bone density 2.Stronger ligaments and tendons MOST BENEFICIAL TYPE OF EXERCISE= WEIGHT BEARING

SKELETAL SYSTEM OSTEOPOROSIS

SKELETAL SYSTEM HELPING PREVENT OSTEOPOROSIS

EXAM TIPS READ THE QUESTION AT LEAST TWICE AND UNDERLINE THE KEY PARTS OF THE QUESTION DO NOT ABREVIATE- IE QUADS FOR THE 6 MARK QUESTIONS WRITE A PLAN AND THINK ABOUT STRUCTURE IE START WITH AN INTRO IF POSSIBLE. REMEMBER SPELLING AND GRAMMAR COUNT DO NOT LEAVE ANY BLANKS! CHECK HOW MANY MARKS THE QUESTION IS WORTH.THIS WILL HELP YOU TO KNOW HOW MANY DIFFERENT POINTS ARE NEEDED. LOOK FOR THE BUZZ WORD IE INFLUENCES/ROLES/BENEFITS,JOINT ACTION