An Age of Democracy and Progress (1815 – 1914) World History 9 – Green Chapter 10

Democratic Reform and Activism A. Britain Enacts Reforms 1. British Parliament a. House of Lords b. House of Commons 2. Reform Bill of 1832 a. Suffrage: the right to vote b. Reform representation to aid industrial cities 3. Chartist Movement a. Chartist Movement: in 19th-century Britain, member of the working class demanded reforms in Parliament and in elections, including suffrage for all men b. Rejected by Parliament c. Slowly over time except annual elections 4. The Victorian Age a. Queen Victoria: queen of England for 64 years b. Height of England’s wealth and power c. Less powerful role for the monarchy

B. Women See the Right to Vote 1. No country allowed women to vote 2. Reform societies 3. Militant protests a. Emmeline Pankhurst b. Arrest and imprisoned 4. No success until after WWI C. France and Democracy 1. The Third Republic: the republic that was established in France after the downfall of Napoleon III and ended with the German occupation of France during World War II 2. The Dreyfus Affair: a controversy in France in the 1890s, centering on the trial and imprisonment of a Jewish army officer, Captain Alfred Dreyfus, who, because of widespread anti-Semitism, had been falsely accused of selling military secrets to Germany 3. Anti-Semitism: a prejudice against Jews a. Public opinion divided b. Emile Zola 4. Zionism: a movement founded in the 1890s to promote Jewish self- determination and the establishment of a Jewish state in the ancient Jewish homeland a. Theodor Herzl

Self-Rule for British Colonies A. Canada Struggles for Self-Rule 1. Originally French 2. French and Indian War 3. Conflict of religions 4. Division into Upper & Lower 5. Durham Report a. Reunite b. Encourage immigration 6. Dominion: in the British Empire, a nation allowed to govern its own domestic affairs 7. Westward B. Australia and New Zealand 1. James Cook 2. Maori: a member of a Polynesian people who settled in New Zealand around 800AD 3. Aborigines: members of any of the native peoples of Australia

4. Penal Colony: a colony to which convicts are sent as an alternative to prison 5. Free settlers 6. Increased tensions C. Irish Win Home Rule 1. Great Famine a. Potato b. Immigrate 2. Home Rule: a control over internal matters granted to the residents of a region by a ruling government 3. Religions 4. Irish Republican Army: an unofficial nationalist military force seeking independence for Ireland from Great Britain 5. Division

War and Expansion in the United States A. Americans Move West 1. Louisiana Purchase 2. Manifest Destiny: the idea, popular among mid-19th-century Americans, that it was the right and duty of the US to rule North America from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean 3. Indian Removal Act of 1830 (Trail of Tears) 4. Texas Joins 5. War with Mexico B. Civil War Tests Democracy 1. North and South a. Economics b. Labor 2. Abraham Lincoln: election as President cause move to war a. Secede: to withdraw formally from an association or alliance b. U.S. Civil War: not – War for Southern Independence c. Emancipation Proclamation: a declaration issued by U.S. President Lincoln in 1863 stating that all slaves in the Confederate states were free (sort of but may be not) *None *Political to keep Europe from aiding the South

3. Reconstruction a. Military law b. Punish the South c. Segregation: the legal or social separation of people of different races C. The Postwar Economy 1. War speeded industrialization 2. Recession after war 3. Renewed expansion through immigration 4. Expansion of railroads west aided settlement

Nineteenth-Century Progress A. Inventions Make Life Easier 1. Edison 2. Bell and Marconi (not) 3. Ford a. Assembly Line: in a factory, an arrangement in which a product is moved from worker to worker with each person performing a single task in its manufacture b. Affordable autos 4. Wright Brothers B. New Ideas in Medicine 1. Louis Pasteur 2. Joseph Lister 3. Sanitation 4. Vaccines/cures C. New Ideas in Science 1. Charles Darwin: naturalist who attempted to answer the question of why such a wide variety of plants and animals 2. H.M.S. Beagle 3. On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection: book a. Survival of the fittest or best adapted to the environment b. Theory of Evolution: arise by means of natural selection

4. Mendel and Genetics 5. Chemistry and Physics a. John Dalton and atoms b. Dmitri Mendeleev chart of elements c. Marie and Pierre Curie d. Radioactivity: a form of energy released as atoms decay e. Rutherford, Planck, Bohr, Einstein D. Social Sciences Explore Behavior 1. Psychology: the study of the human mind and human behavior a. Ivan Pavlov b. Sigmund Freud 2. Challenged the fundamental idea of the Enlightenment – reason E. Rise of Mass Culture 1. Mass Culture: the production of works of art and entertainment designed to appeal to a large audience 2. Music halls, vaudeville, and movies 3. Sports entertain millions