Climate Finance Inflows into the Caribbean Launch of the PANOS Caribbean Online Database & Its Establishment as a Regional Hub for Climate Change Information Montego Bay, Jamaica June 19-20,

1. Pledges to climate funds in 2013 are 71% lower than they were in Nearly sixty cents out of every dollar pledged has now been approved for viable projects. 3. Approved spending for mitigation in the entire developing world in 2013 was only slightly higher than Poland's annual spending on fossil fuel subsidies 4. Funding to reduce emissions from deforestation and degradation grew to a total of US$ 647 million in 2013, less than was spent on a single highway through the Amazon 5. Funding in response to German flood damage in 2013 was four times higher than the total sum of funding to help developing countries adapt to climate change since Public funding has not yet attracted as much private investment as expected: for every US$1 spent between 2010 and 12, only US$0.25 of private finance had been drawn in as of the beginning of Korea has pledged the most to the Green Climate Fund to date - US$ 40 million - ahead of all developed countries 8. Despite many meetings, we still don't know where Long-Term Finance - which is supposed to deliver US$ 100 billion by will come from 9. Despite increasing austerity, Europe remains a leader on climate finance, providing 61% of total funds for multilateral finance to date 10. Total spending on Fast-Start Finance represents just 1.76% of global funding to respond to the 2008 financial crisis Source: Climate Finance Update

Source: Climate Funds Update

Challenges in tracking funds  Lack of data and varying metric for private vs. public flows  Collective vs. individual reporting ($100 B commitment v. UNFCCC)  Disbursements v. Commitments  Double counting

Inflows into the Caribbean

Lessons from Fast Start Finance  Thematic Areas – Mitigation continues to be a priority  Bilateral vs Multilateral – UNFCCC Funds remain underutilized  Instruments – Less reliance on grant financing  Prioritization – SIDS, LDCs and Africa remain under- served

Green Climate Fund (GCF)  Created in 2010 at COP-16 in Cancun  Governing Instrument was approved at COP- 17 in Durban  Governed and supervised by a 24 member Board in Songdo, South Korea  The World Bank is the Fund’s Interim Trustee  Its Operational Guidelines have just been approved

GCF - The Structure  Scale and Impact  To make a significant and ambitious contribution to the global efforts to combat climate change  To promote a paradigm shift and help developing countries transform their economies and put them on a low emission and climate-resilient path.  Expected to become the main global fund for climate finance  Governance  An equal number of members from developed countries and developing countries including dedicated seats for SIDS and LDCs  Access  Recipient countries will be able to utilize direct access or access through international and regional intermediaries and implementing entities under the Fund  Allocation  Minimum floor for adaptation financing to SIDS, LDCs, Africa and other vulnerable developing countries  The allocation of resources will be balanced between adaptation and mitigation activities

What prevents greater uptake?  Donor focus on larger emerging economies  Burdensome access criteria  Lack of capacity and in-country expertise  Under-financing of regional priorities (adaptation)  High transaction costs  Lack of understanding of SIDS issues at the International level  Absence of a voice in decision-making in key international financial institutions

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