Next Level Chromatography

Question Why are some chemicals in a solution visible under one type of light but not another?

Purpose The purpose of our project was to extend the simple test of Chromatography and examine the paper in a different electromagnetic wave (ultraviolent light) rather than visible light.

Hypothesis If we use a Black light (UV) to examine the ink components, then we will encounter more components than with white light.

Materials Filter paper; enough to make eighteen 2 x 7 cm strips Scissors Pencil Ruler; metric Wooden coffee stirrer or other similar wooden splint 150 mL beaker Isopropyl alcohol Water 400 mL beaker Plastic wrap Mini binder clips (2) Black pens or markers (3). Choose three different black pens and markers. Lab notebook

Procedure 1. Cut the filter paper into strips approximately 2 centimeters (cm) wide by 7 cm long. You will need a total of 18 chromatography strips. 2. Take one of the chromatography strips and use a ruler and pencil to draw a line across it horizontally 1 cm from the bottom. 3. Using one of the pens/markers, place a small dot of ink at the center of the origin line of a chromatography strip. a. Use a pencil to label which pen/marker you spotted on the chromatography strip. Repeat this step until you have spotted ink on 6 chromatography strips for each pen/marker. 4. Pour 20 milliliters (mL) of isopropyl alcohol into the 150 mL beaker. Add 20 mL of water to the beaker so that the final volume is 40 mL. Stir thoroughly with the wooden splint. 5. Pour the solution into the 400 mL beaker. Cover the beaker with plastic wrap, so that the solution does not evaporate. This is your solvent. 6. Pour a small amount of the solvent back into the 150 mL beaker. a.Clip two of the prepared chromatography strips to a wooden splint. Make sure the two strips do not touch each other and the bottoms align. Rest the splint on top of the beaker so that the strips hang into the jar. If necessary, add more solvent to the small beaker. The goal is to have the end of the chromatography strip just touching the surface of the solvent solution as shown in Figure 4 below. Add solvent as needed to achieve this goal. 7. Cover the top of the beaker with plastic wrap. 8. Set aside the remainder of the unused solvent (covered with a lid or plastic wrap) for additional runs. 6.Let the solvent rise up the strip (by capillary action) until it is about 0.5 cm from the top, then remove the strip from the solvent. Keep a close eye on your chromatography strip and the solvent front — if you let it run too long the dye may run off the paper and become distorted. 7.Use a pencil to mark how far the solvent rose. 8.Allow the chromatography strip to dry, then measure (in centimeters) and calculate the Rf value for each pen/marker dye component. Record your results in your lab notebook. 9.Repeat steps 5 - 8 until you have run all of the chromatography strips. 10.Using the five repeated strips for each pen/marker, calculate the average Rf for each dye component.

Variables Independent Variable: The type of Light (Visible or Ultraviolet) Dependent Variable: The distance traveled by the Ink components Constant: The objects being tested

Data/Results White Light Black Light Crayola Marker Sharpie Ballpoint Pen 1. Sample: 4.5 cm 3 cm 2.5 cm Solvent: 5.25 cm Rf value: 1 .66 .48 2. Sample: 5 cm Solvent Rf value .5 3. Sample: .55 Crayola Marker Sharpie Ballpoint Pen 1. Sample: 4.5 cm 2.5 cm 3 cm Solvent: 5.25 cm Rf value: 1 .48 .57 2. Sample: 2 cm Solvent 5 cm Rf value .6 .4 3. Sample: 5 4.75 cm .63 .5

Conclusion In this experiment I learned that my hypothesis was incorrect because Black light does not change the ink components that are visible in the solvent. In the future I will measure the strips as soon as I finish the test so that I can see how far the solvent went and to be more precise with my experiment.