TA212 The Technology of Music Welcome Introductions Hopes and Fears The Module Assignments What Happens Next

TA212 The Technology of Music Hopes and Fears TA212 is both “Arts” and “Technology” What brings you out in a cold sweat?

TA212 The Technology of Music You should have... Home Experiment Kit –recorder, microphone, headphones –3 cardboard tubes, 1 drinking straw!!! First Mailing –Block 1, Companion to Block 1 –1 CD ROM –2 Audio CDs

Module Website TA212 The Technology of Music week by week activities

Module Website TA212 The Technology of Music news

Module Website TA212 The Technology of Music download your assignments

Module Website TA212 The Technology of Music conferences

TA212 The Technology of Music Module Website Searchable electronic versions of course material (pdf) News Study Calendar Conferences Assignments –assignments are not provided in hard copy.

TA212 The Technology of Music Steve’s TA212 Web Site

TA212 The Technology of Music The Module Five Blocks: –Prelude –Investigating Sound (what is sound?) –Musical Instruments (how is sound made?) –Sound Processes (how is sound manipulated?) –Project

TA212 The Technology of Music Block 1: Prelude Making Sense of Music Listening to Music Maths for Music This block is designed to bring everyone up to the same basic level in both Music Theory and Maths.

TA212 The Technology of Music Block 2: Investigating Sound Sound Basics waves, frequency, wavelength Sound Shape and Colour timbre, temperament Sound and Time more music theory Sound and Space reverberation Sound and the Listener listening, perception Sound Capture and Recapture microphones, amplifiers

TA212 The Technology of Music Waves Sinusoidal Pressure Waves Frequency –How many times per second Amplitude –How big wavelength pressure

TA212 The Technology of Music The Octave Double the frequency Notes an octave apart have the same name

TA212 The Technology of Music Decibel Examples (SPL) Threshold of pain130 dB Bass drum roll106 dB Violin at player’s ear85 dB Piano practice70 dB Domestic Living Room40 dB Empty Concert Hall20 dB Threshold of Hearing0 dB Investigating Sound -1, Page 45

TA212 The Technology of Music Harmonics Modes of Vibration Harmonic Series –frequencies: 100, 200, 300, 400, –Pitches –Most higher harmonics are out of tune!

TA212 The Technology of Music Reverberation Many Paths Long paths –have more reflections –take longer to arrive –are are quieter when they arrive

TA212 The Technology of Music The Human Ear Outer ear –Collects sound Middle ear –Impedance Coupling –Acoustic Reflex Inner Ear –Detects sound Outer Ear Middle EarInner Ear

TA212 The Technology of Music Impedance Matching Impedance –Property of all electronic circuits Get it wrong and you get distortion low high low high  high very high low Pre-amplifier

TA212 The Technology of Music Audition

TA212 The Technology of Music Audition

TA212 The Technology of Music Block 3: Musical Instruments What is a Musical Instrument Making sound strings, pipes, pitch Families of Instruments orchestral, electronic, voice How do Instruments Work?

TA212 The Technology of Music String Harmonics Many different standing waves The sounds they produce are the harmonics of the string.

TA212 The Technology of Music Wind Harmonics open pipestopped pipe NOTE: A conical pipe (such as an oboe) behaves like a pipe open at both ends

TA212 The Technology of Music Cristofori Action

TA212 The Technology of Music Vowels Shape of the vocal tract Each shape emphasises different frequencies The frequencies which are emphasised are called Formants

TA212 The Technology of Music Electromagnetic Induction Given any two, the third is produced electricity + magnetism = motion (electric motor) magnetism + motion = electricity (generator) electricity magnetismmotion

TA212 The Technology of Music Block 4: Sound Processes Desktop sound studio on your desktop Notation history, music printing Recording mechanical music, MIDI The Industry creating a recording, media, copy protection etc.

TA212 The Technology of Music WAV File “RIFF” Size 4 bytes Size bytes Format Chunk Data Chunk “WAVE”

TA212 The Technology of Music MIDI Connections Synthesiser MIDI Out MIDI Thru MIDI In “local off” switch

TA212 The Technology of Music Media Bandwidth Telephone3.4 kHz FM Radio15 kHz CD20 kHz MiniDisc20 kHz –but is always compressed!

TA212 The Technology of Music Cubase

TA212 The Technology of Music Block 5: EMA (The Project) Part 1: An essay about a musical instrument – Includes research outside the course material and analysis of the sound of the instrument using the course software. –Refer to Block 3 for the kind of information expected –Choose an “acoustic” instrument. Part 2: Desktop Sound –This may include creating sound samples and using them to realise a few bars of music presented as a score.

TA212 The Technology of Music Assignments Submitted and returned electronically –TMA00 optional used to prove that you have managed to connect into the eTMA system correctly 6 TMAs (Tutor Marked Assignments) EMA (End of Module Assessment) There is NO EXAM!!

TA212 The Technology of Music TMAs TMA01 (20%) - Block 1 TMA02 (15%) - Block 2 part 1 & Audition part 1 TMA03 (15%) - Block 2 part 2 & Audition part 2 TMA04 (15%) - Block 3 part 1 TMA05 (15%) - Block 3 part 2 TMA06 (20%) - Block 4

TA212 The Technology of Music Substitution Substitution does not apply to this module –If you fail to submit a TMA, you will get zero marks for that TMA.

TA212 The Technology of Music To Pass... 40% overall for the TMAs 40% for the EMA (the project)

TA212 The Technology of Music What Happens Next? Visit the Module Conference Read TMA01 so you know what to look for in the course text Form a study group to meet at a local pub to complain to each other about your tutor