31.2 The Central Nervous System

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Presentation transcript:

31.2 The Central Nervous System Lesson Overview 31.2 The Central Nervous System

The Brain and Spinal Cord Where does processing of information occur in the nervous system?

The Brain and Spinal Cord 1. The control point of the central nervous system =brain. Information processing is the brain’s principal task. The brain is constantly changed by its interactions with the environment.

The Brain and Spinal Cord A large cluster of neurons and other cells make up the spinal cord. 3. The spinal cord communication link between the brain and the rest of the body. reflexes

Cerebrum The largest region of the human brain is the cerebrum. voluntary activities ex: intelligence, learning, and judgment.

Hemispheres cerebrum divided into left and right hemispheres: each with 4 lobes. are connected by a band of tissue = corpus callosum. Each hemisphere deals mainly with the opposite side of the body.

Hemispheres Each hemisphere is divided into regions called lobes. The four lobes are named for the skull bones that cover them. frontal lobe: consequences, making judgments, forming plans.

Hemispheres 8. The temporal lobe - hearing and smell, The occipital lobe - vision. The parietal lobe -reading and speech.

Cerebral Cortex The cerebrum consists of two layers. The 9. outer layer of the cerebrum = cerebral cortex (grey matter) information from the sense organs controls body movements. Folds and grooves on the outer surface of the cerebral cortex greatly increase its surface area.

White Matter The inner layer of the cerebrum= white matter. connects the cerebrum to other areas of the brain

Limbic System LIMBIC SYSTEM: Emotion, behavior, and Memory pleasure center,

Thalamus and Hypothalamus 11. The thalamus: receives messages from sensory receptors Sends info to the proper region of the cerebrum

Thalamus and Hypothalamus The 12. hypothalamus: Recognition of hunger, thirst, fatigue, anger body temperature. coordinate the nervous and endocrine systems.

Cerebellum The second largest region of the brain is the cerebellum. Information about muscle and joint position, coordination

Brain Stem The 14. brain stem: controls regulation of blood pressure, heart rate, breathing, and swallowing

Addiction and the Brain How do drugs change the brain and lead to addiction?

Addiction and the Brain Nearly every addictive substance—including illegal drugs such as heroin, methamphetamine, and cocaine, and legal drugs such as tobacco and alcohol—affects brain synapses. drugs: produce changes in synapses that use the neurotransmitter dopamine involves the brain’s pleasure center

Addiction and the Brain Methamphetamine releases a flood of dopamine, = instant “high.” Cocaine keeps dopamine in the synaptic region longer, = pleasure and suppressing pain. heroin, stimulate receptors that lead to dopamine release. Nicotine and alcohol > dopamine release.

Addiction and the Brain brain reacts to excessive dopamine levels by reducing the number of receptors for it. result is normal activities no longer produce pleasure. result: larger amounts of drugs are required to produce a high. = addiction

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