STARTING EXPLORING MOBILE PHONE DATA IN THE SANDBOX Pilar Rey del Castillo

Mobile phone data in the Sandbox Special case: only since October 2014 Limited information provided in the dataset Still very interesting to analyse – Sensors of human and social behaviour (location...) – Example of requirements of exploratory step comparing with other type of data in the Sandbox – Aim  describe initial steps in attempting to produce meaningful results for statistical purposes 2

Location or positioning data Concept in mobile phones & statistics context User assigned to a number of neighbouring antennas for load balancing reasons Types – Active – Passive: Call Detail Records (CDRs)... 3 Passive location  occasional samples of the approximate locations of the phone's user

Mobile phones datasets (1) D4D Challenge: Orange's “Data for development” in Ivory Coast Anonymised Call Detail Records (CDRs) of outgoing phone calls & sms exchanges – Orange’s customers in Ivory Coast – Between December 1, 2011 and April 28, 2012 (150 days,  5 months) Sandbox IT infrastructure: perfect 4

Mobile phones datasets (2) Total antenna-to-antenna traffic on an hourly basis (  5 million customers) Individual trajectories for customers for two week time windows 5

Literature exploiting location Supplementary information at the micro level (ground truth) – Lausanne Data Collection Campaign (Nokia ) – Reality Mining Project (MIT ) – Ad hoc experiments, conducting surveys… : Isaacman et al. (2011), De Oliveira et al. (2011) – … Just CDRs: Assumptions on the users' behaviour… – Orange Data Challenges (Ivory Coast, Senegal) – Järv et al. (Estonia, 2012) – Kung et al. (Portugal, IC, Saudi Arabia, Boston, Milan, 2014) – … 6

Ivory Coast data Positioning data  our aim: human home -> work commuting figures Way to proceed: obtain results under certain assumptions and compare First assumptions – Orange's customers represent population (96% subscriptions per 100 inhabitants, 2013) – Behaviour of customers sample is representative of mobility behaviour (to be assessed later) 7

2nd step: model to draw meaningful information Problem of oscillations: antennas aggregation by section = county x urbanization  157 sections Problem of giving a meaning to user's location: daily & weekly patterns of use as discriminative features – Isaacman et al. (2011): home  weekends + weekdays between 7 pm & 7 am work  weekdays between 1 pm & 5 pm – Kung et al. (2014): home  weekdays between 8 pm & 8 am work  weekdays between 8 am & 8 pm Apart from other sophisticated filtering… 8

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Commuting in Ivory Coast Sample of customers 51% cluster 1 28% cluster 2 21% cluster 3 Almost 50% of the sample home -> work located  Estimate cross-tabulation commuting between Ivory Coast sections 10

11 Main commutes (%) home-> work between sections

Final remarks CDRs useful tool to learn and test new methods (although no reliable figures produced) Just a portion of possible ways to exploit CDRs promising source (need more research) Another possible research strand: develop an "OfficialStatistics" app for smartphones gathering ground truth 12

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References de Oliveira, R.,Karatzoglou, A., Cerezo, P. C., de Vicuña, A. A. L. and Oliver, N. (2011), “Towards a psychographic user model from mobile phone usage”, in Desney S. Tan; SaleemaAmershi; Bo Begole; Wendy A. Kellogg &ManasTungare, ed., 'CHI Extended Abstracts', ACM Isaacman, S., Becker, R., Cáceres, R., Kobourov, S., Martonosi, M., Rowland, J. and Varshavsky, A. (2011), “Identifying Important Places in People’s Lives from Cellular Network Data”, Lecture Notes in Computer Science Vol. 6696, pp Järv,O., Ahas, R., Saluveer, E., Derudder, B.,and Witlox, F. ( 2012) “Mobile Phones in a Traffic Flow: A Geographical Perspective to Evening Rush Hour Traffic Analysis Using Call Detail Records”, PLoS ONE 7(11), Kung, K.S., Greco, K., Sobolevsky, S., and Ratti, C. (2014), “Exploring Universal Patterns in Human Home-Work Commuting from Mobile Phone Data”, PLoS ONE 9(6): e doi: /journal.pone

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