Using Architecture Principles Execute Better and More Consistently Bob Hensle Director Global Enterprise Architecture Program September 29, 2014 Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. |

Program Agenda IT Strategy and Architecture from Oracle Capabilities Architecture Principles Summary To Learn More

Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | IT Strategy and Architecture from Oracle (ITSAO)

Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | Helps define your Enterprise Architecture Includes example capabilities and architecture principles Provides business alignment and traceability Helps define your Solution Architecture Defines and organizes technology capabilities Defines architecture principles Includes many “perspectives” – SOA, BPM, Cloud, Business Analytics,… Architecture Levels Oracle Enterprise Architecture FrameworkOracle Reference Architecture

Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | Ca-pa-bi-li-ty: is the ability of an entity (organization, person, system) to perform a function or activity to achieve or support specific objectives of the organization. Capability Capabilities  Defines what is required to achieve the organization’s goals and objectives  Drivers for architecture requirements  Architecture delivers capabilities  Gap analysis determines what capabilities are missing

Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | One of the most powerful uses of capabilities is to provide traceability to business strategy. Provides justification for why an architecture capability is needed. Supports prioritization and funding decisions for IT initiatives. Architecture Capabilities Provide Traceability Information Architecture Capability Application Architecture Capability Technology Architecture Capability Business Capability IT Capability Drives need Influences Business Strategy Drives need Supports IT Initiatives Drives

Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | Capabilities Traceability Example Common way to illustrate traceability of AIT to Business Focuses on what needs to change to support the Business Strategy The AIT capabilities usually require new IT initiatives

Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | Using Capabilities to Define an Architecture Applicable to both Enterprise and Solution Architectures Architecture Reference Model Capability Reference Model StructureCapabilities Capability Catalog Company Capability Detail Describes Capability Maturity Model Evaluates Requirements Capability Model

Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | Capability Catalog Architecture Reference Model Combining Capability Models Information Capabilities Framework ORACLE ORA Information Management Capability Reference Model StructureCapabilities Company Capability Detail Describes Capability Maturity Model Evaluates Requirements Capability Model

Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | Capabilities from ORA Information Management Conceptual level architecture provides the reference model High-level capabilities model illustrates the top- level capabilities Top-level capabilities are further broken down into second-level capabilities Capabilities are described in detail

Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | Ar-chi-tec-ture Prin-ci-ple: is an unequivocal statement that articulates fundamental and enduring rules that are seldom amended, used to define, model, and execute an architecture strategy and blueprint. Architecture Principle Architecture Principles  Rules for how architecture delivers capabilities  Provides a common set of directions, rather than leaving each architecture decision as an independent undertaking  Governance ensures that architecture adheres to principles  Differs from Guidelines

Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | One of the most powerful uses of principles is to provide traceability for architectural decisions. Principles help justify and explain particular elements or features of an architecture. Answers the question: “Why are we doing it this way?” Architecture Principles Provide Traceability Information Architecture Principle Application Architecture Principle Technology Architecture Principle Business Architecture Principle IT Principle Drives need Influences Business Strategy Drives need Influences Architectural Decisions Drives

Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | Architecture Principles Examples for Enterprise Architecture Application Architecture Common Use Applications Technology Independence Ease of Integration Maximize the Effectiveness of the End User Adherence to Open Standards Business Architecture Operating Model Enable Dynamic Business Strategy Customer Intimacy Product Leadership Cost Optimization Corporate Environment Responsibility Information Architecture Information Asset Management Value and Risk Classification Common Data Definition and Vocabulary Data Quality Secure Data Sharing and Publishing Technology Architecture Platform Standardization Virtualization Availability Performance and Scalability Service Level Objectives Service Encapsulation

Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | Example Architecture Principle Business Architecture NameProduct Leadership TypeBusiness Architecture Statement The core value differentiator of the enterprise will be based on providing best and most innovative products to the customers. Rationale  Top quality visionary products brought to the market in an efficient agile manner shall help in key customer acquisitions.  Breakthrough products will help leapfrog competition and open up new markets and opportunities. Implications  Managing Product Leadership and Innovation will have to address four important processes: o Opportunity identification for new products and services o Management process for Research and Development portfolio o Process for design and development of the products o Go-to-market process for new products and services Source: TOGAF

Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | Architecture Principles Examples from the Oracle Reference Architecture Security Defense in Depth Least Privilege Security as a Service Secure Web Services Active Threat Detection and Analysis Complete Secure Audit Trail Information Management Treat All Data as an Asset Separation of Concerns Volume and Velocity Information Accessibility Information Abstraction Unified View of Information Service-Oriented Integration Logical Data Representations Normalized Data Formats Technical Orchestrations Opaque Service Implementation Location Transparency Graceful Service Migration Business Analytics Unified View of Information Consistent and Complete Information Universal Information Access Multi-Modal Architecture Integrated Analysis Insight to Action

Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | Example Architecture Principle Information Architecture NameTreat All Data As an Asset TypeInformation Management Statement Data are an enterprise strategic asset which must be appropriately governed and managed. Rationale  To support operational requirements and informed decision making, users, business processes, services, and systems require controlled access to the right information at the right time using the right tools. Implications  All structured and un/semi-structured data must be seen belonging to the enterprise and not to an individual application or business unit.  Architecture must support an active and continuous upstream and downstream governance program rather than a passive downstream information governance program.  The enterprise must define and implement an information governance and quality program with a supporting architecture.  The architecture must support easy but secure access to data regardless of where it is stored or what format it is.  Information must be provisioned with the business user/business function in mind. Source: ORA Information Management

Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | Architecture Principles What Makes a Good Architecture Principle? Understandable Consensus Driven Significant Drives and supports traceability Stable Documented, Published, Promoted, and Mandated Supports consistent architecture decision making

Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | Architecture Principles Map Example

Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | Architecture Principles Map Example Support Rapid Acquisitions Back Office Functions Must Be Optimized for Cost Improve Customer Intimacy All Business Functions Must Be Measured Non-Core Processes Must Be Standardized Common Use ERP Applications CRM Must Support Social Networking between Business and Customers Applications Must Integrate with Enterprise Performance Mgmt Back Office Must Support Common Data Definition Customer Data Must Support Social Media Back Office Must Maintain Master Data Record Must Support Standard Data Exchange Formats Standardized Technology Platform Service-Oriented Architecture Adherence to Open Standards SLA-Driven Performance Business Application Information Technologies

Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | Shift Investment from Support to Innovation Architecture Principles

Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | Architecture Principles and Objectives Matrix

Copyright © 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. | Architecture Principles Architecture Principles provide the rules on how to deliver capabilities Architecture Principles provide traceability back to business concerns Architecture Principles need to be enforced – This is why governance is vital – Variances can be allowed as an exception case Architecture Principles ensure a consistent, cogent architecture – Provide a consistent set of “directions” for architecture decisions – Alternative is a “Frankentecture” Summary

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Architecture Principles Steps to Capture Architecture Principles Identify Drivers Determine relevant drivers such as goals, objectives, issues, and risks Validate Principles Relevant stakeholders formally accept documented principles Define Principles Collaboratively define name, statement, rationale, and implications Prioritize Principles Prioritize principles in the context of “all other things being equal” Classify & Relate Principles Classify against the appropriate dimensions and define relationships