CHAPTER 16 URINARY SYSTEM

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Presentation transcript:

CHAPTER 16 URINARY SYSTEM Copyright 2003 by Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved.

Structure and Function • The functions of the urinary system are to: Filter about 180 liters of blood plasma daily Form and excrete urine daily to remove waste products Regulate the chemical composition of body fluids Remove body wastes by filtering blood Copyright 2003 by Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved.

Copyright 2003 by Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved. Kidneys Each kidney is about 4 inches long and 2 inches wide, and weighs about 150 g Each kidney contains about 1 to 2 million nephrons (tiny structures that filter the blood) The kidney has three layers Cortex Medulla Renal pelvis Copyright 2003 by Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved.

Copyright 2003 by Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved. Figure 16-3 The Kidney Copyright 2003 by Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved.

Additional Components of the Urinary System Ureters Small tubes composed of smooth muscle tissue, move the urine from the kidney to the bladder with peristaltic motion Bladder A smooth muscular sac that expands as it fills with urine Urethra Moves urine from the bladder to be excreted from the body Copyright 2003 by Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved.

Copyright 2003 by Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved. Urine Formation Every minute blood plasma enters the nephrons of each kidney through the renal arteries In the nephron, particles are filtered from the blood to be eliminated by the body Water, glucose, vitamins, amino acids, and chloride salts are reabsorbed into the blood in the renal tubules Ammonia, potassium, hydrogen ions, and some drugs are secreted into the urine The blood leaves the kidneys in the renal veins Copyright 2003 by Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved.

Table 16-2 Characteristics of Urine Copyright 2003 by Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved.

Assessment Techniques Urinalysis Radiological examination (KUB) Intravenous pyelogram (IVP) Cystoscopy Urodynamic tests Electromyography (EMG) Copyright 2003 by Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved.

Disorders of the Urinary System Cystitis Inflammation of the bladder caused by many different types of bacteria Edema An abnormal accumulation of fluid in the tissue intercellular space Nephritis Inflammation of the kidneys Renal calculus A kidney stone Copyright 2003 by Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved.

Disorders of the Urinary System (continued) Renal failure The absence of urine formation Uremia A condition in which the kidneys do not filter the blood Urethritis Acute or chronic inflammation of the urethra Urinary incontinence The inability to control urination Copyright 2003 by Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved.

Disorders of the Urinary System (continued) Urinary retention The inability to urinate when the urge is felt or the bladder is full Urinary tract infection Usually caused by bacteria, and may affect the bladder, kidneys, or prostate Copyright 2003 by Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved.

Issues and Innovations • Dialysis – Filtration of body fluids through a machine instead of the kidneys • Kidney transplant – Drawbacks include matching tissues, expense, and shortage of donors – High success rate • Lithotripsy – Disintegrates kidney stones – Prevents need for surgery to remove stone Copyright 2003 by Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved.