TRANSCRIPTION AND TRANSLATION: THE ROAD TO MAKING PROTEINS Part 2: Translation (p 428) Investigative Question: How do we get a protein from mRNA?

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TRANSCRIPTION AND TRANSLATION: THE ROAD TO MAKING PROTEINS Part 2: Translation (p 428) Investigative Question: How do we get a protein from mRNA?

TRANSLATION  Carefully read the paragraph on p 428.  Look for details about translation.  Take notes in a new “Note Box”.  Make sure to add notes to your notebox as we move through the simulation.

TRANSLATION BIG IDEAS  Translation takes the information on the mRNA and uses it to make protein!

TRANSLATION PRACTICE  rRNA (which composes the ribosome) reads the mRNA in TRIPLETS OF BASES.  These triplets of bases are called CODONS.  All of you now act as rRNA and divide your mRNA into codons. Read the mRNA from left to right!

TRANSLATION PRACTICE  tRNA (t = transfer) will deliver the appropriate sequence of Amino Acids to make the protein.  tRNA “anticodons” complement the codons on the mRNA.  Write out the tRNA anticodons below your mRNA strand.

TRANSLATION PRACTICE  In your groups, each of you will act as tRNA molecules.  Go out into the cytoplasm of the cell, gathering the necessary tRNAs.  Each tRNA carries with it a specific AMINO ACID. Turn over your tRNA cards. The word written there represents an amino acid.  Record your “amino acid” sequence.  You just made a sentence….if your sentence doesn’t make sense then you made a mistake!  In real cells what does the sentence represent?  Record the sentences for each lab group.

TRANSLATION ROUND 1 RESULTS  DNA holds the code for all life.  A section of DNA is a gene.  Genes code for specific proteins.  Proteins are chains of amino acids.  Different proteins are made of different amino acids sequences.  Proteins can be enzymes, hormones or carriers.  Proteins are cool; DNA is the boss.

TRANSLATION BIG IDEAS  Translation takes the information on the mRNA and uses it to make protein!  mRNA is read in triplets of bases, called codons.  rRNA (r = ribosomal) composes the ribosome.  tRNA (t = transfer) has anticodons that complement the codons on mRNA.  Each tRNA carries with it a specific amino acid.  The amino acids link together in a specific order to make a protein.

THE COMPETITION!!  For Round B, each group will have a new gene to first transcribe and then translate.  Extra credit will be awarded to the members of the lab group that win 1 st, 2 nd, and 3 rd places.  Remember to be careful or you’ll come up with an incorrect sentence!!  Record the 7 sentences.

THE COMPETITION!!  DNA is the “recipe box” for life  A single recipe card is a gene  Amino acids are like flour, sugar, and eggs  DNA is not the chef!!  A recipe box cannot make the cookies  A recipe card cannot make the cookies  Who is the chef?

REFLECT AND CONNECT Q’S (for Rounds A and B) 1. You used the DNA code to put amino acids together to make a protein. Where do cells get their supply of amino acids? 2. We all know that DNA gives us our traits. Use your new knowledge from this activity to explain how DNA gives us our traits. Use specific examples.