Happy Monday! BELL WORK: Write the questions below AND your answers: What is the product of the process of TRANSLATION? A complementary mRNA strand Increased production of ribosomes A completed protein Replacement of disabled nucleotides A mutation is LEAST LIKELY to affect a cell when the mutation – Reverses the order of bases in a DNA strand Allows the total number of bases in a DNA sequence to remain the same Replaces a base with its complementary base Produces a codon that codes for the same amino acid as the original codon

*Outside of foldable* Cell division: the process in which a cell grows divides into two identical daughter cells

Mitosis in the Cell

Made up of two major phases: Interphase & M Phase *Top Center of Foldable* Cell Cycle : the series of events that cells go through to grow and divide. Made up of two major phases: Interphase & M Phase Used for organism growth and damage repair Results in 2 genetically identical cells

*DRAW this on the bottom center of foldable* G1 Phase S Phase G2 Phase

*Top left of foldable* Interphase: Majority of a cell’s life Includes 3 phases (G1, S, G2)

G1: cell increases in size, makes new proteins and organelles.

*Top left of foldable* S phase: DNA is replicated (copied)

Turn to your partner and discuss… WHY does the DNA have to replicate before the nucleus and cell divide?

*Top Left of foldable* G2 Phase: the organelles and proteins required for cell division are produced. When the G2 phase is complete, the cell is ready to divide.

Bottom Left of foldable *Bottom Left of foldable* Checkpoints: points during the cell cycle when the cell checks for errors or problems

Last two phases of the cell cycle: M phase (mitosis) and Cytokinesis.

*Top Right of foldable* Mitosis (M phase): the nucleus divides *Bottom Right of foldable* Cytokinesis: the cytoplasm divides and 2 new identical cells are produced

Mitosis is divided into four phases: prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase (PMAT).

Under Mitosis on the right side of foldable *Under Mitosis on the right side of foldable* Prophase: the chromosomes become visible, the centrioles separate to opposite sides of the cell, the chromosomes attach to the spindle, the nucleolus disappears, and the nuclear envelope breaks down. DRAW THIS!

The centrioles are two tiny structures located in the cytoplasm that help organize the spindle. The spindle is a fanlike microtubule structure that helps separate the chromosomes.

Metaphase, the chromosomes line up across the center of the cell Metaphase, the chromosomes line up across the center of the cell. Anaphase: the centromeres joining the sister chromatids split and the chromosomes move away into two groups near the poles of the spindle. DRAW THESE!

Telophase: the chromosomes begin to disperse, the nuclear envelopes reappear to form two new nuclei (nuclei = more than 1 nucleus) DRAW THIS!

…cell division is not complete after telophase… Cytokinesis: division of the cytoplasm, two identical cells produced

Homework Tonight! On YouTube, search “Amoeba Sisters Mitosis” Write down the title NOW or take a picture of it  Or, go to my website and find tonight’s homework assignment Complete Cornell Notes while watching!

Mind Map At your tables, decide what phase (or phases!) of the cell cycle could include your words. Words may belong with more than one phase. You will have 10 minutes to discuss at your tables, then you will tell the class when I call on you. We will all fill in the mind map together.

Card Sort Place the “CELL CYCLE” card in the middle of your table. Place the numbered picture cards in a circle around it, in the order you think they belong. Place the description cards with the pictures you think they are describing. As we go through the PowerPoint, make corrections as needed and place the phase names in their proper order.