Periodic Table: Patterns

Mendeleev’s Predictions PropertyEkasiliconGermanium atomic mass density (g/cm³) melting point (°C)high947 colorgrey oxide density (g/cm³)4.7 chloride boiling pointunder 100 °C86 °C (GeCl 4 ) chloride density (g/cm³)1.9

Mendeleev’s Prediction PropertyEkaaluminiumGallium atomic mass density (g/cm³) melting point (°C)Low29.78 oxide's formula Ea 2 O 3 (density: 5.5 g/cm³) (soluble in both alkalis and acids) Ga 2 O 3 (density: 5.88 g/cm³) (soluble in both alkalis and acids) chloride's formulaEa 2 Cl 6 (volatile)Ga 2 Cl 6 (volatile)

Periodic Law Elements are arranged by atomic number, there is a periodic repetition in their physical and chemical properties.

Periodic Table Horizontal rows: –Called “periods” –7 periods Show the number of the shell

Periodic Table Vertical columns: –Called “groups” –Show the valance electrons –Elements in a group have similar physical and chemical properties

Do Now Write the noble gas configuration and dot diagram for the following elements by only using the periodic table Nitrogen Potassium Manganese Iodine Germanium

Periodic Table with f-block in place

Element Characteristics Atomic radius –Half the distance between the nuclei of two atoms. (Atoms are the same and bonded together) Radius size increases

Element Characteristics Ionization energy –Energy required to remove an electron from an atom Easier to remove an electron from group 1 than group 8 Easier to remove electrons that are farther away from the nucleus (elements at the bottom of a group) Ionization energy increases Ionization energy generally increases

Element Characteristics Electronegativity –It is a measure of the element's ability to attract the electrons which are in a bond Electronegativity increases

Element Characteristics Liquids Solids More metallic More nonmetallic Periodic Table

Periodic Table Trends: Summary Atomic radius decreases Ionization energy and Electronegativity increase