Unit 2.2 Creativity of the Ancients Part II Greece and Rome

Why should we learn about the Greeks and Romans? WHAT?? Another two civilisations to study? These two civilisations formed the foundation of “Western” civilisation in Europe Much of our world today – from democracy to sports – was influenced by them Your English, Math and Science classes all bear the imprint of their legacy – even P.E., Art and Music

c. 3500 BC Sumerian civilisation begins c. 2550 BC Great Pyramid built Timeline Activity! c. 3500 BC Sumerian civilisation begins c. 2550 BC Great Pyramid built AD 476 Fall of Rome AD 2014 AD 1 How many years are there between the end of Roman civilisation and… The beginning of Sumerian civilisation?  3976 The building of the Great Pyramid?  3026 Our current year? 1538

Welcome to… Ancient Greece

Lessons Overview Ancient Greece Lesson 1 Lesson 2 Introduction Legacies

Lesson 1: WHO WERE THE GREEKS?

Lesson Objectives At the end of the lesson, pupils will be able to :- identify the achievements of the ancient Greek civilisation identify at least one legacy of the ancient Greeks work effectively in pairs / groups value the triumph of human ingenuity and resourcefulness

Tuning In Activities Activity 1 Video : ‘History of Ancient Greece’ Guiding questions as you watch the video… Recall the earlier lesson on ‘Introduction to Ancient Civilisations’ on the discovery of Troy by an amateur German archaeologist What were some of the reasons for the practices, architecture and beliefs of the ancient Greeks? http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E-Mgb1mav_U

Tuning In Activities Activity 2 Video : ‘Who were the Greeks?’ Guiding questions as you watch the video… What are some similarities that you can see between Ancient Greece and Singapore? What are some relevant NE Messages that can be applied from the lessons that we can learn from the Ancient Greeks? http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=68P6aLRTin0

“Winning was everything… second place meant nothing” Activity 2 Video : ‘Who were the Greeks?’ “Winning was everything… second place meant nothing” Do I agree with this statement? How did I feel when I did/did not win at something? What might be the good and bad consequences of this? Would you like to live in such a society? How should we treat those who do better or worse than us?

Tuning In Activities Activity 3 Video : ‘Engineering an empire : Greece’ Guiding questions as you watch the video… How is the value of ‘loyalty’ displayed by the ancient Greeks? In the present day, why are wars and battles detrimental for many countries? How can we show loyalty to our country? http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yFKUp1kFhAM AE-infused class discussion : Link to the value of loyalty Greek soldiers’ determination to defend their homeland Themistokles (the victorious Athenian commander) who ironically went to serve Persia after exile from Athens

Tuning In Activities Activity 4 DVD : ‘Ancient Civilizations for Children – Ancient Greece’

Tuning In Activities Activity 5 K-W-L worksheet Timeline worksheet

Worksheet 1 Step 1 : Read Coursebook 5A pg 88 – 93 individually Think-Pair-Share Step 1 : Read Coursebook 5A pg 88 – 93 individually Step 2 : Pair up with a partner Step 3 : In your pair, complete the worksheet ‘Who were the Greeks?’ highlight 2 things that reflect the *resourcefulness and *ingenuity of the ancient Greeks Step 4 : Be prepared to share with the class * Resourcefulness - the ability to find quick and clever ways to overcome difficulties * Ingenuity - quality of being clever, original, and inventive

Research – Legacy of the Greeks Each pupil will be assigned 1 category to research on: Architecture & Arts The Sciences Ideals & Practices (e.g. the Olympics) Language & Writing System of Governance

Research – Legacy of the Greeks Find out and reflect on: WHAT the Greeks have given us WHY this was a great achievement WHY this legacy is important to you

Research – Legacy of the Greeks Primary source of research  5A Coursebook The following 3 websites should be the primary source for online researches http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/primaryhistory/ancient_greeks/ http://www.ancientgreece.co.uk/ http://www.childrensuniversity.manchester.ac.uk/interactives/history/greece/ Be prepared to present your research to the class in the next lesson Book is available in the school SS Treasure Shelf

More facts about GREECE

City-State “Greece” consisted of about 1500 city-states (polis) The most prominent cultural centre: Athens The most warlike: Sparta Each was a city surrounded by farmland Each self-sufficient economically Need for alliances amidst constant rivalry

Shared Greek identity Same language Same religious beliefs Same holy places – provided opportunities for interaction Rivalry and warfare Olympics – suspended warfare every 4 years United to fight a common enemy - Persians

The Acropolis Literally “Upper / Higher City” in Athens Used as a palace, temple and fortress Surrounded by other temples

Lego Acropolis!

The Greco-Persian Wars (499-449 BC) For 50 years, Greek states fought invasions from the powerful Persian Empire At several famous battles, Greek armies won impossible victories against larger Persian armies If Greece had been conquered, many of its achievements in philosophy, science and the arts would never have been created Examples of famous Greek Victories: 490 BC - Battle of Marathon – 10,000 Athenians vs. 100,000 Persians. Persians defeated, 6400 killed. Athenians only lost 192. 480 BC - Battle of Thermopylae – 300 Spartans vs. entire Persian army 480 BC – Battle of Salamis – Naval battle where 370 Greek warships defeated 1000 Persian ships

What can Singapore learn? We are also a small City-State A strong defence allows every area of our culture to grow securely Everyone is needed for Total Defence We need alliances with friendly nations

Alexander the Great’s Empire Included Mesopotamia and Egypt http://www.historyofmacedonia.org/AncientMacedonia/AlexandertheGreat.html

Ancient Sumer and Egypt – contributions to Greece Division of Time Greece copied the 24-hour Day from Mesopotamia Water clocks and Sundials Both were used in Greece Water clocks were used in court cases to make sure speakers had exactly the same amount of time Papyrus The Greeks imported it from Egypt as writing material The Greek word for the Papyrus plant - “Papuros” - gave us the English word “Paper” The Greeks also called the plant “Biblos” – which gives us the English word “Bible” (book)

Conquest by Rome Eventually, a rising new power – Rome – conquered the Greek city-states However, this actually helped to spread Greek culture The Romans began to worship Greek gods One Roman Emperor – Hadrian – even rebuilt Athens Romans often travelled to Greece as tourists, as we would today!

Conclusion The ancient Greeks were communities of people who lived in present-day Greece. They adapted to their environment and built cities near the sea. They planted crops that suit the climate and land conditions such as grapes and olives. They interacted with one another through sea travel. The ancient Greeks influenced thinking, architecture, the arts and sciences and the lives of many people who lived throughout the Greek empire.