How do they increase genetic variation? MUTATION AND GENETIC RECOMBINATION (c) Copyright 2014-all rights reserved

 SC.912.L  Describe how mutation and genetic recombination increase genetic variation. FLORIDA STANDARD (c) Copyright 2014-all rights reserved

 By the end of this lesson you will be able to:  --Describe how mutation and genetic recombination occur  --Explain how mutations and genetic recombination increase genetic diversity in a population OBJECTIVE (c) Copyright 2014-all rights reserved

 What is the definition of a mutation?  A change in the structure of genes or chromosomes of an organism. (nucleotides are altered)  Is a mutation natural or man made?  A mutation is natural  What examples of mutations can you give? (think the direction of nucleotides)  Substitution  Addition REVIEW

 Definition: The exchange of genetic information in order to increase the genetic diversity of the population.  This is seen in nature and can be man made  Man made genetic recombination is also call genetic engineering  How is genetic recombination used in our society? Used for vaccines Food Bacteria GENETIC RECOMBINATION

 Bacterial DNA can mutate and “trade” DNA with other bacteria.  This “trade” can be beneficial and have negative effects.  White Board: What is one benefit and one negative effect of bacterial genetic recombination?  One benefit is vaccines:  One negative is resistance to antibiotics BACTERIAL GENETIC RECOMBINATION (c) Copyright 2014-all rights reserved

 A big topic in our society at the moment is GMO’s or genetically modified organisms. Genetic engineering simulates genetic recombination.  Food has been altered for many reasons a few of them are:  Pesticide resistant  Hinder bugs  Bigger food  Many stores and people are looking for organic foods that have not been modified or exposed to pesticides.  Examples of GMO’s  Rice  Corn RECOMBINATION AND FOOD (c) Copyright 2014-all rights reserved

 Describe the difference between mutations and genetic recombination:  A. A mutation is man made while genetic recombination is natural  B. Both are man made occurrences  C. Mutations are changes in nucleotides while genetic recombination is the transfer of genetic information  D. Genetic recombination is only seen in bacteria and mutations are only seen in humans WHITE BOARD QUESTION (c) Copyright 2014-all rights reserved

 A gene from a large red apple is inserted in the the DNA of a small yellow apple. The result is a medium sized red and yellow apple. This is an example of:  A. Mutation  B. Bacteria  C. Mad scientists  D. Genetic recombination  -What would be an example of a mutation?  Many examples can be explain: An example would be a change in one gene such as the BRCA-1 (breast cancer gene) which could give a greater chance for the cancer. WHITE BOARD QUESTION (c) Copyright 2014-all rights reserved

 Genetic Engineering is a simulation of recombination in animals  A few examples:  Glow in the dark monkeys  Double muscled animals  Spider Goats THE FUN STUFF! (c) Copyright 2014-all rights reserved

How do mutations and genetic recombination increase genetic diversity? Both mutations and genetic recombination have changes in the DNA that can be pasted onto offspring. The offspring could then pass the changes onto their offspring. This gives more variety in a population. WHITE BOARD QUESTION (c) Copyright 2014-all rights reserved

 Mutations have altered nucleotide sequences  Genetic recombination is the transfer of DNA either in nature or man made  Genetic recombination occurs in bacteria and it can help with vaccines. It can also be harmful with antibiotic resistance.  GMO’s are examples of simulated recombination and are found everywhere!  Genetic diversity is increased do to the changes in this modified DNA and can be passed onto offspring RECAP (c) Copyright 2014-all rights reserved

© Copyright 2014-all rights reserved Pictures:  content/uploads/2013/02/Gene-Mutation.jpg content/uploads/2013/02/Gene-Mutation.jpg   in-plant-genetic-engineering png in-plant-genetic-engineering png  g g  =1.7 =1.7 Marisa Colyer 2014 COPYRIGHT AND CREDIT (c) Copyright 2014-all rights reserved