Effects of Introduction of Feed Grains into Mid South Soybean Production Systems Effects of Introduction of Feed Grains into Mid South Soybean Production Systems Bobby R. Golden Delta Research and Extension Center

Participants Jeremy Ross – U of A, State Soybean Specialist Jeremy Ross – U of A, State Soybean Specialist Josh Lofton – LSU AgCenter, Agronomist Josh Lofton – LSU AgCenter, Agronomist Gene Stevens – Mizzou Delta Center, Agronomist Gene Stevens – Mizzou Delta Center, Agronomist Clark Neely – TAMU, State Wheat Specialist Clark Neely – TAMU, State Wheat Specialist Ronnie Schnell – TAMU, Cropping Systems Spec. Ronnie Schnell – TAMU, Cropping Systems Spec. Trent Irby – MSU, State Soybean Specialist Trent Irby – MSU, State Soybean Specialist Larry Falconer – MSU, Extension Economist Larry Falconer – MSU, Extension Economist Bobby Golden – MSU, Delta Agronomist/Soil Fertility Bobby Golden – MSU, Delta Agronomist/Soil Fertility

Graduate Students Melanie Fuhrman – U of A, Masters Melanie Fuhrman – U of A, Masters Richard Turner – MSU, Masters Richard Turner – MSU, Masters Potential Post Doc, or Associate yet to be filled, will be housed at the DREC at MSU Potential Post Doc, or Associate yet to be filled, will be housed at the DREC at MSU – Have spoken with one potential candidate

Other Cooperation Pioneer Hybrid – Will provide the corn Hybrid (P1637), Soybean (49T97R) and Grain Sorghum (83P17) for the duration of the project. Pioneer Hybrid – Will provide the corn Hybrid (P1637), Soybean (49T97R) and Grain Sorghum (83P17) for the duration of the project. – Consultation with Pioneer Representatives suggested that varieties will be available until project termination. Soil analysis conducted by LSU AgCenter Soil analysis conducted by LSU AgCenter Nematode Analysis conducted by U of A Nematode Analysis conducted by U of A

Rational The dramatic increase in corn acreage in the Mid- South and the resulting agronomic and economic impact of incorporating corn into Mid-South soybean production systems. The dramatic increase in corn acreage in the Mid- South and the resulting agronomic and economic impact of incorporating corn into Mid-South soybean production systems. The unique problems and management issues that may result from a rotational system of soybean and grain crops, and the incorporation of wheat in a double-cropping production scheme. The unique problems and management issues that may result from a rotational system of soybean and grain crops, and the incorporation of wheat in a double-cropping production scheme.

Why are we interested in Residue Management? How we handle corn stubble may influence our overall soil quality. How we handle corn stubble may influence our overall soil quality. Residue management may have a distinct effect on soil test sulfur. Residue management may have a distinct effect on soil test sulfur. Corn residue management may impact soybean yield Corn residue management may impact soybean yield

Nutrients loss by burning Wheat and Oat Wheat and Oat – 90% loss of N and C – 75% Loss of Sulfur – 24% Loss of phosphate – 35% Loss of Potash Corn Residue Corn Residue – 81% loss of N – 55% loss of S – 11% loss of phosphate – 18% loss of Potash Heard et al., (2006) Better crops with plant food 90:3 Kruse (2011) LA Newsletter

Nutrient Removal Soybean Nutrient Total Uptake Removal in Harvested Portion (lb nutr./ac) N P2O5P2O5P2O5P2O55640 K2OK2OK2OK2O14874 S3523 Based on 50 bu soybean crop Corn Source: Osmond and Kang, W.pdf and IPNI (Nutrients removed in Harvested portion of crops) 16W.pdfwww.soil.ncsu.edu/publications/Soilfacts/ag W.pdfNutrient Total Uptake Removal in Harvested Portion (lb nutr./ac) N P2O5P2O5P2O5P2O K2OK2OK2OK2O18540 S2410 Based on 150 bu Corn crop

Outputs Soil Testing Soil Testing – Total N&C, Mehlich-3 Extractable Nutrients, Soil pH, Nematode analysis BMP Approach BMP Approach – Fertilization level based on State Recommendations. Commodity Tracking for Economics Commodity Tracking for Economics – Determine economic optimum rotation

Year 1 Update

Project Planting Dates Crop Planting Date MississippiArkansasTexasLouisianaMissouri StonevilleBrooksville Pine Tree Newport College Station St. Joseph Portageville Corn Soybean Grain Sorghum

Year 1 Update - Mississippi Two locations – Brooksville and Stoneville – Because of an overabundance of rainfall, Dryland and Irrigated treatments are showing little difference. – Plots are looking good – Not much difference in dry land vs irrigated – 2 irrigation events – Beans starting to turn, Corn ranging from 20 to 28% – Grain Sorghum is done

Year 1 Update - Arkansas Pine Tree Location As of current the field conditions are very wet from the persistent rain events over the last few weeks. The soybeans have slight deer damage that has caused a slight stunting in a few plots. Newport Location: Due to persistent wet conditions, all crops at the Newport location were seeded on May 7.All crops are being the Pine Tree Location. There is slight stunting in a replicate due to prolonged standing water.

Year 1 Update - Louisiana Due to inclement weather, all crops (soybeans, corn, and grain sorghum) were established on the same day. While not ideal, corn was planted later than the current recommended timeframe but grain sorghum and soybeans were planted within normal ranges. The field had very intense field preparations to aid in improved water efficiency prior to this long-term trial, weed pressures have been higher than typical. Due to this increased grass pressure in this field and surrounding fields, fields have had increased army worm pressure; however, an initial pesticide application has diminished previous populations.

Year 1 Update - Texas Until May 15, College Station had received only 40% of normal rainfall for the year. However, we received 9” of rainfall for the month of May alone, which brings us within 2.5” of normal for the year. Due to the dry conditions, plots were irrigated on April 17 (1.2”). Soybean seed was not inoculated, but inoculated soybeans were grown the previous year in the same field and sufficient nodulation did occur. During Mid June slight to moderate herbicide injury due to drift from neighboring plots/fields occured.

Year 1 Production Issues Greater Midsouth

Year 1 Production Issues – Greater MidSouth

Year 1 Production Issues - Texas

Four Bean Pods

It Takes a Team

Questions ?

Breakdown of Treatments – Trial Level

Breakdown of Treatments – Replicate Level

Breakdown of Treatments – Experimental Unit Residue Management Residue Management – Harvest and Burn – Harvest, shred and Hip These are the two most common practices of residue management in Mississippi. These are the two most common practices of residue management in Mississippi.

Standards for Calculations 150 bushel corn crop 150 bushel corn crop 8400 lb residue 8400 lb residue 15% moisture 15% moisture Elemental analysis Elemental analysis – USDA 1990 – SDSU 2006 – NCST 2008 – LA 2010 Source Nutrient Loss NS P2O5P2O5P2O5P2O5 K2OK2OK2OK2O (lb/acre) USDA SDSU NCST LA Ave