Chapter 3 Different Forms of Energy

What is energy? Energy: the ability to do work or effect change

Different forms of Energy Kinetic energy (motion) Elastic energy (springs) Electrical energy (batteries) Thermal energy (fire) Radiation energy (light) Gravitational energy Chemical energy (food) Wind energy Sound energy (sound waves) Hydraulic energy (waterfalls) Nuclear energy (atomic nuclei, the sun)

Law of Conservation of Energy Energy can be neither created nor destroyed; it can only be transferred or transformed. Energy transformation is the changing of energy from one form to another (electric energy to sound energy in an iPod)

Energy Efficiency When humans create machines, some of the energy they use is wasted –Light bulbs waste energy as heat –Car engines waste energy through friction and heat –Only 12% of the energy from gasoline is used by the wheels (to move the car) (see p. 72 Fig. 3.3)

The car is 12% energy efficient while the bicycle is 90% efficient

Formula to calculate energy efficiency Energy efficiency = amount of used energy X 100 total energy available

Thermal Energy Thermal energy results from the random movement of atoms in a substance. The amount of thermal energy depends on the number of particles and their temperature The more particles and the higher the temperature, the more thermal energy

What is the difference between heat and temperature? Heat is the transfer of thermal energy from warmer objects to cooler objects Temperature is a measure of the degree of movement of atoms in an object.