NORAD and USNORTHCOM Arctic Communications Perspectives Current as of: 17 Nov 2014 Julie Rowell, CTR, NNC J683 UNCLASSIFIED

NORAD and USNORTHCOM Arctic Communications Direction US Strategy/Policy US Arctic National Strategy and Implementation Plan DOD Arctic Strategy USCG Arctic Strategy DON Arctic Roadmap Arctic Mission Partners Arctic Capability Advocate; UCP task Arctic Security Forces Roundtable Tri Command Framework (NORAD, NORTHCOM, CJOC) Advocacy 2 UNCLASSIFIED

3 Increasing Latitude, Decreasing Comms Options and Capabilities UNCLASSIFIED Line of Sight (LOS) UHF, VHF, HF, Cellular Terrestrial Fiber, wires Beyond Line of Sight HF Aerial Layer Space Layer Current Arctic Wide Comm Systems Iridium LOS HF DoD: IPS as compared to 100s of options below 65N

Near Term Options Improve Arctic HF performance Arctic Security Force Roundtable focus area SATCOM Systems: Use of Highly inclined satellites (DoD, Commercial) Mobile User Objective System (DoD) Aerial Layer: Use of communications nodes Terrestrial Arctic Fibre 4 UNCLASSIFIED

Future Options Aerial Layer Communication Nodes/Relays Feasible in Arctic: yes Designed for Arctic: maybe Space Layer Cube SATs/Micro SATs USG/Canada/Norway/other Arctic Nation possibilities Iridium NEXT Other Commercial Terrestrial Terrestrial/submarine fiber optic options 5 UNCLASSIFIED