Sociology: A Down-to-Earth Approach 7/e James M. Henslin Chapter Four: Social Structure and Social Interaction This multimedia product and its contents are protected under copyright law. The following are prohibited by law: any public performance or display, including transmission of any image over a network; preparation of any derivative work, including the extraction, in whole or in part, of any images; any rental, lease, or lending of the program. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2005

Levels of Sociological Analysis Macrosociology Large-Scale Features of Social Life Microsociology Focus on Social Interaction Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2005

The Macrosociological Perspective Sociological Significance of Social Structure Guides Our Behavior Behavior Decided by Location in Social Structure Culture Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2005

The Macrosociological Perspective Social Class Divides People by… Income Education Occupation Status Symbols Master Statuses Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2005

The Macrosociological Perspective Social Status Ascribed Achieved Status Symbols Master Statuses Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2005

The Macrosociological Perspective Roles Groups Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2005

Social Institutions Sociological Significance of Social Institutions Ten Social Institutions in Industrialized Societies Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2005

Ten Social Institutions in Industrialized Societies Family Religion Education Economics Medicine Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2005

Ten Social Institutions in Industrialized Societies Politics Law Science Military Mass Media Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2005

Social Institutions Mass Media as Social Institution Functionalist and Conflict Perspectives Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2005

Functionalist Perspective Replacing Members Socializing New Members Producing and Distributing Goods and Services Preserving Order Providing a Sense of Purpose Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2005

Conflict Perspective Powerful Groups Control Institutions Small Groups Garner Lion’s Share of Wealth Social Institutions Affect Gender Relations Main Purpose is to Preserve Social Order Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2005

Changes in Social Order What Holds Society Together? Mechanical and Organic Solidarity Gemeinschaft and Gesellschaft How Relevant Today? Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2005

Microsociological Perspective: Social Interaction in Everyday Life Stereotypes Assumptions About What People Are Like Classify Others By Visible Characteristics Ideas About Characteristics Guide Our Behavior Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2005

Microsociological Perspective: Social Interaction in Everyday Life Personal Space Intimate Distance Personal Distance Social Distance Public Distance Eye Contact Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2005

Dramaturgy: The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life Erving Goffman Dramaturgy—The Stage Impression Management Role Performance Role Strain Between and Within Roles Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2005

Ethnomethodology: Uncovering Background Assumptions The Study of How People Do Things Harold Garfinkle’s Experiments Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2005

Social Construction of Reality Definition of the Situation— Thomas Theorem Objective Reality vs. Subjective Interpretation Gynecological Examinations Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2005

Need for Macrosociology and Microsociology Understanding Incomplete Without Both Consider the Example of Groups Studied by William Chambliss Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2005