Power Systems Large Scale and Micro-Grid 7/16/2014 NREL - Golden Colorado

Team Leader: Sal Sferrazza Electrical Engineer NREL Team Members Nancy VyasSafety EngineerArmy Research Laboratory Bill BrooksPrincipal EngineerBrooks Engineering Chris Brooks Principal Manager ESC Engineering Inc. Edward ChesneyElectrical CoordinatorLawrence Livermore Nat. Lab Thomas NehringPrincipal EngineerBrookhaven Natl. Lab Bernie RuffenachPresident Electrical Safety Consulting Brian Sautter EngineerSavannah River – DOE Eric StrombergEngineer / Safety OfficerLas Alamos National Lab John Stultz Code Inspector/NFPA 70 EPantex – Consolidated Nuclear

This Working Group focused on the following electrical safety issues, with diverse sources and storage of energy:  Interconnection  Distribution  Assessment of Hazards Arc Flash Risks Shock Risks  Signage - Warnings  Fault assessment and mitigation  Energy storage systems  Procurement and Acceptance criteria  Maintenance and Operations Procedures and Policies  Control of all Electrical Sources PPE LOTO

Micro-grid: A localized grouping of electricity sources and loads that can operate autonomously or can be connected to the utility grid Large Scale: A power system that is under the control of the utility system operator Power System: A power source or group of sources that work together to supply electrical loads Power Source: Equipment that converts non-electrical energy into electrical energy to be used in a power system

Utility System: A power system that is regulated by a public utility commission Service: The conductors and equipment for delivering electric energy from the serving utility to the wiring system of the premises served

Identified applicable codes, standards and procedures for electrical power sources within DOE sites  Design guidance related to operation and maintenance Interconnection – IEEE 1547, local utility, ISO, FERC, NERC PV standards – UL 1703, UL 1741, UL 61730, UL 2703, UL  Construction / installation guidance NFPA 70 (NEC) Chapters 1-4 and Articles 690, 692, 694, 701, 702, 705 NECA 1 NESC (IEEE C2) NFPA 70E OSHA 1926 Sub Part E, K, M, V NFPA 780 (Lightning protection) Equipment Manufacturer – instructions/guidelines

Identified applicable codes, standards and procedures for electrical power sources within DOE sites continued  Operation and maintenance guidance (qualified and authorized) OSHA Subpart I, R (269) NFPA 70E NESC (IEEE C2) Interconnection requirements (IEEE 1547, local utility, ISO, FERC, NERC) Equipment Manufacturer – instructions/guidelines

Codes and Standards currently under development  PV standards – ASTM ICOMP WK43549 (O&M); 2017 NEC Article 690 / 691(Proposed)(Large Scale PV Plants); Ground-fault protection upgrades; arc-fault protection upgrades  Wind standards and papers, “Arc-Flash Hazard in Wind Power Plants,“ among 11 existing papers that may be rolled into an IEEE guide

Needed Codes, Standards, and revisions  NFPA 70E (need better information on dc Arc Flash calculations for PV, batteries, capacitors)  Guidance on fault contribution of site sources  Specific guidance for special locations (e.g. altitude, lightning, corrosion, dust, temperature extremes, humidity extremes)

Develop Electrical Safety Checklists:  Micro Grid System  Power Sources  Solar Photovoltaic System  Energy Storage System Battery Flywheel Inductors/Capacitors  Fuel Cell System  Wind Power System  Hydro Power System

Develop Electrical Safety Checklists: continued  Internal Combustion Power System – Renewable and Non-renewable (e.g. Diesel, Natural Gas, Biofuels) Reciprocating Gas Turbine  Steam Power System (Geothermal, Biomass,…)  Types of Power Converters  Static Power Converter Inverter Rectifier  Rotating Power Converter Induction Synchronous

 Suggested for Future Best Practices  Micro Grid Safety Design Checklist  Solar Photovoltaic Safety Checklist  Battery Safety Checklist  Controls Safety Checklist  Generators Safety Checklist Renewable Non-renewable  General System Operation

Applicable Code References for DOE Sites For contractor work rules at power sources on DOE sites  OSHA (a)(3)(iii) - “The contract employer and the host employer shall coordinate their work rules and procedures so that each employee … is protected ….”  OSHA Appendix E – Table 2 (Arc Flash Assessment – examples of acceptable methods) NFPA 70E IEEE 1584 Commercially available software programs

Questions ?