A Divided Nation: Causes of the Civil War CST Analyze the significance of the Wilmot Proviso (1846), the Compromise of 1850, Henry Clay's role in the Compromise of 1850, the Kansas-Nebraska Act (1854), the Dred Scott v. Sandford decision (1857), and the Lincoln-Douglas debates (1858). CST Analyze the significance of the Wilmot Proviso (1846), the Compromise of 1850, Henry Clay's role in the Compromise of 1850, the Kansas-Nebraska Act (1854), the Dred Scott v. Sandford decision (1857), and the Lincoln-Douglas debates (1858). CST Students analyze the multiple causes, key events, and complex consequences leading to the Civil War. CST Students analyze the multiple causes, key events, and complex consequences leading to the Civil War. CST Trace the boundaries constituting the North and the South, the geographical differences between the two regions, and the differences between agrarians and industrialists. CST Trace the boundaries constituting the North and the South, the geographical differences between the two regions, and the differences between agrarians and industrialists.

North and South take Different Paths THE NORTH - Industrial growth leads to rapid growth of cities, Factory jobs for millions. cities, Factory jobs for millions. - Immigration from Ireland, Germany and United Kingdom increases population of NORTH Kingdom increases population of NORTH - Cheap western lands, development of Railroads, and steam powered factories lead to rapid and steam powered factories lead to rapid growth of the western territories growth of the western territories THE SOUTH - “Cotton is King”: Southern politics and society controlled by few wealthy planters controlled by few wealthy planters - Make profit from Slave labor, exports of cotton - “Agrarian Economy” economy based upon agriculture, South develops little industry agriculture, South develops little industry

Southerners Defend Slavery Southerners create SLAVE CODES: laws created to control slaves and deny them many basic rights. Southerners create SLAVE CODES: laws created to control slaves and deny them many basic rights. For example, not being able to read or write. For example, not being able to read or write. Southerners claim that slaves are provided with food, shelter and clothing, and are better off than Northern workers. What do you think?

CaliforniaCalifornia requested admission into the Union as a free state. This would throw off the balance of slave and free states. The South threatened to secede (to leave the Union). How would you solve this problem?

The Compromise of 1850 What parts of this compromise would make the South and the North happy? The problem was settled by Henry Clay: 1.California admitted as a FREE STATE 2.Slave Trade is abolished in Washington D.C. 3.Stronger Fugitive Slave Law passes 4.Utah and New Mexico Territories – slavery would be decided by popular sovereignty (voting).

The Fugitive Slave Law Part of the Compromise of 1850 included a stronger fugitive slave law. This law allowed southern slave holders to travel north to capture runaway slaves. Why would this anger northern abolitionists?

Uncle Tom’s Cabin 1852 Harriet Beecher Stowe publishes Uncle Tom’s Cabin Harriet Beecher Stowe publishes Uncle Tom’s Cabin Expresses moral and social wrongs of slavery and the injustices of Fugitive Slave Law Expresses moral and social wrongs of slavery and the injustices of Fugitive Slave Law Sells over 100,000 copies and convinces many to support abolition Sells over 100,000 copies and convinces many to support abolition South angry over text, thought the book was unfair South angry over text, thought the book was unfair

Kansas - Nebraska Act 1854 Congress divides Kansas territory in two sections POPULAR SOVEREIGNTY: Each territory is allowed to decide on the issue of slavery by voting. This law changed the Missouri Compromise law. Proslavery and Antislavery citizens flooded into Kansas to vote.

Bleeding Kansas At first there were more antislavery settlers in Kansas, but 5,000 proslavery citizens came from Missouri to vote illegally. The proslavery votes won. Antislavery settlers formed their own government. Both sides started to fight. Read pg. 464 “BLEEDING KANSAS” – name for Kansas Territory because of the violence there over the issue of slavery in the 1850’s between anti- slavery people and pro-slavery people

Dred Scott Dred Scott was a slave in Missouri. His owner took him to live in territories where slavery was illegal. After his owner’s death, Dred Scott thought that he was free since he had lived in free territories and he sued for his freedom. Dred Scott was a slave in Missouri. His owner took him to live in territories where slavery was illegal. After his owner’s death, Dred Scott thought that he was free since he had lived in free territories and he sued for his freedom.

Dred Scott vs. Sandford Decision Supreme Court says: Free Blacks and slaves were not citizens and could not sue in Federal court. Free Blacks and slaves were not citizens and could not sue in Federal court. Scott had to live by Missouri’s slave code Scott had to live by Missouri’s slave code Court says slavery could not be Court says slavery could not be stopped in the territories since slaves were property. stopped in the territories since slaves were property.

Democrats and Republicans Democrats – Believed in voting on slavery (popular sovereignty) Democrats – Believed in voting on slavery (popular sovereignty) Republicans – Did not want slavery to expand. Republicans – Did not want slavery to expand.

Lincoln Douglas Debates Democrat Stephen Douglas argues for Popular Sovereignty Democrat Stephen Douglas argues for Popular Sovereignty Republican Abraham Lincoln argues that the U.S. should prevent extension of slavery into the western territories Republican Abraham Lincoln argues that the U.S. should prevent extension of slavery into the western territories Election won by Douglas, but make Lincoln a national figure Election won by Douglas, but make Lincoln a national figure Election for Senate seat from Illinois Election for Senate seat from Illinois

John Brown’s Raid at Harpers Ferry Abolitionist John Brown leads raid against Federal Arsenal at Harpers Ferry Virginia. Tries to steal guns from government - Attempting to start an armed slave rebellion. Abolitionist John Brown leads raid against Federal Arsenal at Harpers Ferry Virginia. Tries to steal guns from government - Attempting to start an armed slave rebellion. Attempt fails, no help from slaves, John Brown is captured and taken prisoner Attempt fails, no help from slaves, John Brown is captured and taken prisoner Tried for Treason, hung for his crime Tried for Treason, hung for his crime Northerners salute Brown Northerners salute Brown Southerners offended Southerners offended by North’s reaction by North’s reaction

Election of 1860 – pg 472 The Republican candidate – Abraham Lincoln was elected president. Lincoln did not want slavery to expand West. Not one southern state voted for Lincoln. Southern states began to secede from the Union

Southern States Secede-pg. 473 After Lincoln elected, After Lincoln elected, South Carolina 1 st state( + 6 more) South Carolina 1 st state( + 6 more) secede (withdraw) from the Union secede (withdraw) from the Union Form “Confederate States of America” Form “Confederate States of America” Elect Jefferson Davis as President Elect Jefferson Davis as President Write own Constitution Write own Constitution Name Richmond VA. as capital Name Richmond VA. as capital