Unit Nine: Cotton, Cattle, and Railroads Vocabulary Unit Nine: Cotton, Cattle, and Railroads

expansion the act or process of expanding; the quality or state of being expanded; to extend

powerful rifles with telescopes used by hunters to kill buffalo buffalo guns powerful rifles with telescopes used by hunters to kill buffalo

complete and total destruction extermination complete and total destruction

identification marks on livestock made by burning with a hot iron brands identification marks on livestock made by burning with a hot iron

cattle drives the herding of large groups of cattle from the open range to market for sale

rustlers cattle thieves

longhorn breed of cattle that developed as Spanish breeds mixed with English cattle brought by U.S. settlers

disease that plagued cattle, to which longhorns were resistant Texas fever disease that plagued cattle, to which longhorns were resistant

holding pens for livestock stockyards holding pens for livestock

open range unfenced land

one who herds or cares for livestock on the range wrangler one who herds or cares for livestock on the range

devices using wind power to pump water from underground to the surface windmills devices using wind power to pump water from underground to the surface

fencing designed with sharp points barbed wire fencing designed with sharp points

occasionally violent disputes caused by the fencing of the open range range wars occasionally violent disputes caused by the fencing of the open range

transcontinental railroad railroad that runs across the continent

meeting places of two or more lines of railroad junctions meeting places of two or more lines of railroad

a person who comes to a country to settle immigrant a person who comes to a country to settle

commercial agriculture producing crops for sale instead of for use by a family

progress movement toward a goal; advance development or growth; steady improvement, as a society or civilization; proceed

reform to put or change into an improved form or condition; to amend or improve by change or form or removal of faults or abuses; to put an end to by enforcing or introducing a better method or course of action

populism a political belief that works to reduce the influence of big business on government

progressivism a reform movement in the late 1800’s and early 1900’s with a goal of improving society

suffrage voting rights

statement of political goals platform statement of political goals

sole economic control of a field of business monopoly sole economic control of a field of business

a social reform effort that encouraged people to drink less alcohol temperance movement a social reform effort that encouraged people to drink less alcohol