The World of Music 7th Edition Part 3 Listening to World Music Chapter 8: Music Beyond the Americas

Classical Music of India Highly Developed Improvisatory Melodic No Intended Harmony Memorized Virtuosic Sensitive Terms Rasa - the aesthetic basis Raga – the melodic pattern Tala – the rhythmic pattern Guru – master teacher Hindustani Instruments Sitar – the lead plucked stringed instrument Sarod – another plucked stringed instrument Tabla - drum Tambura – stringed instrument providing the drone Karnatic Instruments Vina - the lead plucked stringed instrument Mridangam - drum Sarangi – a bowed stringed instrument

Popular Music of India Disseminated by Cassette Tape Often Pirated Influenced by Western Jazz and Rock Often Lip-Synched in “Bollywood” Musicals

Music in Japan Traditional Japanese Music Instruments Often incorporated into theatre Regional in Variety Entwined with visual and dramatic effects Maximum Effect from Minimum Resources Kengyo – Venerable Master Teachers Instruments Koto – 13 stringed instrument Shakuhachi – End Blown Flute Shamisen – 3 stringed accompaniment instrument

Music in Japan Styles Gaguku – ancient court music From 9th through 11th centuries Total experience – dance, masks, visual effects Instruments Hichiriki – Double reeded like an Oboe Sho – Mouth Organ Kabuki – theatrical music After the 14th century Naguta – the onstage ensemble Drums, Shamisens, Flute, and singers Geza – Offstage ensemble primarily for effects

Music in Japan Western Styles Prominent Taught in Schools, Universities, and conservatories Classical Jazz Latin Performed Frequently

Music in Sub-Saharan Africa Usually found with other Arts Dancing Cotumes Sculpture Crafts Drama Functions Religious Social Activities Entertainment Ceremonies Instruments Membranophones Drums Idiophones Rattles Bells Chordophones Harps Fiddles Xylophones Mbiras (Thumb Piano) 8 to 30 keys/metal reeds Aerophones Trumpets Flutes

Popular Music in Sub-Saharan Africa Famous Styles Highlife Juju Afro-Beat Influenced by Western Popular Music Famous Artists Babtunde Olatunji Youssou N’Dour King Sunny Ade’ Ladysmith Black Mambazo

Traditional Music of Eastern Europe Influences Byzantine Chants Mongolian Pentatonic Modes Islamic Rhythms/Textures Western European Musical Language Threats to Traditional Music Shift to Industrialization Government Control of Culture Changes in National/Regional Boundaries Ethnic Population Shifts

The Music of Indonesia Gamelan Popular Music 4 to 30 musicians Instruments Gongs Drums Metal “Xylophones” Often with added Dance, Drama and Poetry Non-Western Scales Found in many American Universities (FSU) Popular Music Kroncong Old Style From Film Patriotic Respectable Dangdut Youth (New) Style Mostly poor people Influences from Indian Music Western Pop

Jewish Music American Jewish Classical Composers Liturgical Music Irving Berlin George Gershwin Aaron Copland Leonard Bernstein Liturgical Music Emphasizes prayers and invocations Melismatic Sung by the Cantor Klezmer Music Popular Small Band (Combo) Plays Jewish Tunes Yiddish Folk Music Gentile Music

Celtic Music Traditional Music found in Oral Tradition Ireland Scotland Wales Brittany (GB) France Spain Oral Tradition Popular amongst New Age Music Fans Similar to, but not equal to Irish Folk Music Artists Altan Clannad Solas The Chieftains

Celtic Music Instruments Fiddles Bodhran Harp Bouzouki Uilleann Pipes Hand Drum Harp Celtic Welsh Bouzouki Plucked Stringed Instrument Uilleann Pipes Irish Bellows blown Bagpipes Hurdy Gurdy – a mechanical violin A stringed instrument where a rosined wheel rotates under the strings (instead of being bowed) creating the vibrations for sound