A RCHETYPES Archetypes are recurring characters, settings, plot patterns, and symbols that give literature its unity. In other words, they are the basic patterns that occur repeatedly in literature of all ages.

A RCHETYPAL C HARACTERS Alter-ego Helpful animal Earth Mother Wise Old Man Temptress Hero Anti-Hero Innocent Scapegoat/Sacrificial Victim Trickster Villain Transgressor Destroyer Handsome Prince Helpless Princess

H ERO : U SUALLY PORTRAYED AS LARGER THAN LIFE, THE HERO HAS OUTSTANDING QUALITIES AND ABILITIES AND UPHOLDS THE VALUES OF HIS CULTURE OR SOCIETY Harry Potter Santiago

A NTI -H ERO : T HIS CHARACTER DOES NOT UPHOLD THE VALUES OF IS SOCIETY AS HE ATTEMPTS TO ACCOMPLISH HIS GOALS. W HEN THE MAIN CHARACTER IS A BAD GUY, HE IS OFTEN AN ANTI - HERO. T HE ANTI - HERO IS NOT THE SAME AS THE VILLAIN. The Englishman

A LTER -E GO OR D OUBLE : S PLIT PERSONALITIES OR OPPOSITE TENDENCIES WITHIN A SINGLE CHARACTER. O R, A “ DUPLICATE ” CHARACTER THAT DISPLAYS OPPOSITE TENDENCIES. Severus Snape The Crystal Merchant

I NNOCENT : A CHILD OR NAÏVE AND INEXPERIENCED MAN OR WOMAN WHO IS THEN EXPOSED TO THE EVILS OF THE WORLD. T HE CHARACTER USUALLY MOVES FROM INNOCENCE TO EXPERIENCE AND KNOWLEDGE. O FTEN THE HERO OF THE STORY, ESPECIALLY IF HE IS A CHILD AT THE START.

S CAPEGOAT OR SACRIFICIAL VICTIM : ONE WHO SUFFERS OR IS BLAMED UNJUSTLY IN ORDER FOR OTHERS TO ESCAPE BLAME OR PUNISHMENT. A LSO, OFTEN THE HERO. O R ONE WHO MAKES THE WAY FOR THE HERO TO ACCOMPLISH HIS GOALS. Harry PotterSantiago

T RICKSTER : A CHARACTER WHO, THROUGH SUPERIOR WIT OR CUNNING, CAN DECEIVE AND MANIPULATE THOSE WHO SEEMINGLY HAVE GREATER STRENGTH OR AUTHORITY Fred and George Weasley Thief Fortune Teller

V ILLAIN : AN EVIL CHARACTER WHO ATTEMPTS TO DESTROY THE HERO Voldemort

D ESTROYER : D ESTROYS JUST TO DESTROY ; ENJOYS EVIL FOR EVIL ’ S SAKE. O THER CHARACTERS OFTEN HAVE TROUBLE UNDERSTANDING HIS / HER MOTIVATION. Bellatrix LeStrange

T RANSGRESSOR : P USHES THE LIMITS OF HUMAN KNOWLEDGE AND OFTEN ANGERS “ THE G ODS.” T HIS TRANSGRESSION OFTEN INVOLVES TECHNOLOGY. Voldemort The Alchemist

T EMPTRESS : A C HARACTER ( IF THE HERO IS MALE, USUALLY A WOMAN ) WHO, THROUGH HER POWER, CAN MAKE A STRONG MAN WEAK AND A WISE MAN FOOLISH. S HE CAN BE AN IMMORAL TEMPTRESS ( DISTRACTS THE HERO ) OR AMORAL TEMPTRESS ( MOTIVATING HIM TO ACCOMPLISH HIS QUEST ). Ginny WeasleyFatima

S UPERNATURAL H ELPER OR H ELPFUL A NIMAL : A NY ANIMAL / FORCE THAT USUALLY APPEARS WHEN THE HERO CANNOT SEE A WAY OUT OF HIS DILEMMA. O FTEN A LONGTIME COMPANION TO THE HERO. Kreacher Dobby Hawks Scarab Beetle

E ARTH MOTHER / WISE OLD MAN : ETERNAL PROVIDER WHO PROTECTS, NOURISHES, SHELTERS, AND NOURISHES THE HERO ON HIS QUEST. T HIS CHARACTER OFTEN PLAYS A LARGE ROLE EARLY ON AND REAPPEARS AT CRUCIAL TIMES OF NEED. Albus Dumbledore Melchizidek

H ELPLESS PRINCESS : WOMAN ( USUALLY BEAUTIFUL ) IN NEED OF A HERO TO SAVE HER FROM DEATH, EVIL ADVERSARIES, OR OTHER DANGER. T HE DAMSEL IN DISTRESS — THINK OLD DISNEY MOVIES.

A RCHETYPAL S ETTINGS

C OUNTRYSIDE : T HE INNOCENT HERO OFTEN BEGINS HIS JOURNEY IS THIS SORT OF RURAL SETTING. I T IS ASSOCIATED WITH HEALING AND GOODNESS. The Burrow Santiago’s Pastureland

C AVES, T UNNELS, P OOLS OF WATER : SYMBOLIZES DESCENT INTO THE UNCONSCIOUS OR THE INNER SELF. T HE HERO EXPERIENCES SELF DISCOVERY HERE. The Pensieve Where Godric Gryffindor’s Sword is hidden Voldemort’s Cave

T HE E NCHANTED F OREST : Those who enter often lose their direction or rational outlook and tap into their collective unconscious. The opposite of the cultivated gardens, which are carefully planned and are restricted to certain vegetation.

O CEANS AND D ESERTS : S YMBOLIZE SPIRITUAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL ISOLATION OR EXILE. I NCLUDE ISLANDS AND SHIPS AT SEA. The Island in Voldemort’s Cave The Desert

G ARDEN : ORDERED AND CONTROLLED ENVIRONMENT THAT IS USUALLY SAFE, HAPPY, AND NURTURING. A HERO CAN REGAIN HEALTH HERE DURING QUEST. The Oasis

M OUNTAINS AND P EAKS : SYMBOLS OF THE QUEST FOR SPIRITUAL SELF AND PERSONAL ACHIEVEMENT, AND CONTACT WITH THE SUPERNATURAL, AS PEAKS ARE CLOSE TO THE HEAVENS. The Pyramids

R IVERS : S YMBOLIZE ON - FLOWING TIME OR LIFE, ETERNAL CHANGE, DESTINY. U SED AS BOUNDARIES BETWEEN WORLDS, OFTEN THOSE OF LIFE AND DEATH.

S TAGES OF THE H ERO ’ S J OURNEY

D EPARTURE : T HE HERO IS SEPARATED FROM THE KNOWN AND STEPS INTO THE UNKNOWN. Harry Potter must leave Hogwarts to search for Horcruxes Santiago must sell his sheep

I NITIATION : B Y CROSSING THE THRESHOLD, THE HERO ' S WORLD IS CHANGED FOREVER. H E / SHE GOES ON A PHYSICAL AND MENTAL JOURNEY THAT RESULTS IN NEW KNOWLEDGE OF PURPOSE AND SELF. Santiago looks for treasureHarry looks for Horcruxes

R ETURN : T HROUGH THE HERO ’ S SACRIFICE OF SELF, HE ARRIVES AT AN ENLIGHTENED STATE. Santiago discovers the meaning of true treasure Harry Potter accepts his fate for the good of the wizarding world