Business Driven Technology Unit 2 Exploring Business Intelligence Copyright © 2015 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.

7-2 Unit Two O Chapter Six – Valuing Organizational Information O Chapter Seven – Storing Organizational Information – Databases O Chapter Eight – Accessing Organizational Information – Data Warehouse

Chapter 7 Storing Organizational Information—Databases 7-3

7-4 LEARNING OUTCOMES 1. Describe a database, a database management system, and the relational database model 2. Identify the business advantages of a relational database 3. Explain the business benefits of a data- driven website 4. Explain why an organization would want to integrate its database

7-5 STORING INFORMATION IN A RELATIONAL DATABASE O Information is everywhere in an organization O Information is stored in databases O Database – maintains information about various types of objects (inventory), events (transactions), people (employees), and places (warehouses)

7-6 STORING INFORMATION IN A RELATIONAL DATABASE O Database management systems (DBMS) –Allows users to create, read, update, and delete data in a relational database

7-7 STORING INFORMATION IN A RELATIONAL DATABASE O Data element – The smallest or basic unit of information O Data model – Logical data structures that detail the relationships among data elements using graphics or pictures O Metadata – Provides details about data O Data dictionary – Compiles all of the metadata about the data elements in the data model

7-8 Storing Data Elements in Entities and Attributes O Entity – A person, place, thing, transaction, or event about which information is stored O The rows in a table contain entities O Attribute (field, column) – The data elements associated with an entity O The columns in each table contain the attributes O Record – A collection of related data elements

7-9 Creating Relationships Through Keys O Primary keys and foreign keys identify the various entities (tables) in the database O Primary key – A field (or group of fields) that uniquely identifies a given entity in a table O Foreign key – A primary key of one table that appears an attribute in another table and acts to provide a logical relationship among the two tables

7-10 Keys and Relationships

7-11 USING A RELATIONAL DATABASE FOR BUSINESS ADVANTAGES O Database advantages from a business perspective include

7-12 Increased Flexibility O A well-designed database should O Handle changes quickly and easily O Provide users with different views O Have only one physical view O Physical view – Deals with the physical storage of information on a storage device O Have multiple logical views O Logical view – Focuses on how individual users logically access information to meet their own particular business needs

7-13 Increased Scalability and Performance O A database must scale to meet increased demand, while maintaining acceptable performance levels O Scalability – Refers to how well a system can adapt to increased demands O Performance – Measures how quickly a system performs a certain process or transaction

7-14 Reduced Information Redundancy O Databases reduce information redundancy O Information redundancy – The duplication of data or storing the same information in multiple places O Inconsistency is one of the primary problems with redundant information

7-15 Increase Information Integrity (Quality) O Information integrity – measures the quality of information O Integrity constraint – rules that help ensure the quality of information O Relational integrity constraint O Business-critical integrity constraint

7-16 Increased Information Security O Information is an organizational asset and must be protected O Databases offer several security features O Password – Provides authentication of the user O Access level – Determines who has access to the different types of information O Access control – Determines types of user access, such as read-only access

7-17 DRIVING WEBSITES WITH DATA O Data-driven websites – An interactive website kept constantly updated and relevant to the needs of its customers using a database O Content creator O Content editor O Static information O Dynamic information O Dynamic catalog

7-18 DRIVING WEBSITES WITH DATA

7-19 DRIVING WEBSITES WITH DATA O Data-driven website advantages O Easy to manage content O Easy to store large amounts of data O Easy to eliminate human errors

7-20 DRIVING WEBSITES WITH DATA

7-21 Integrating Information among Multiple Databases O Integration – allows separate systems to communicate directly with each other O Forward integration – takes information entered into a given system and sends it automatically to all downstream systems and processes O Backward integration – takes information entered into a given system and sends it automatically to all upstream systems and processes

7-22 Integrating Information among Multiple Databases O Forward integration

7-23 Integrating Information among Multiple Databases O Backward integration

7-24 Integrating Information among Multiple Databases O Building a central repository specifically for integrated information

7-25 LEARNING OUTCOME REVIEW O Now that you have finished the chapter please review the learning outcomes in your text