SHAPING NATIONALISM Chapter 2 Chapter Issue To what extent do external and internal factors shape natonalism?

We are dealing with these questions in chapter 2 Key Terms Collective consciousness Rhetoric We are dealing with these questions in chapter 2 1. What are some factors that shape nationalism? 2. How have people responded to some factors that shape nationalism? 3. How have people in Canada responded to some factors that shape nationalism?

- Louis XV, grandfather of King Louis XVI of France, 1766. Voices Sovereign power reside in my person alone. To me alone belongs all legislative power with neither any responsibility to others nor nay division of that power. Public order, in all its entirety, emanates from me, and the rights and interests of the nation are necessarily bound up with my own and rest only in my hands. - Louis XV, grandfather of King Louis XVI of France, 1766.

1. What are some factors that shape nationalism? Historical Factors that shaped French Nationalism Social Factors that shaped French Nationalism Economic Factors That Shaped French Nationalism Geographic Factors That Shaped French Nationalism Political Factors That Shaped French Nationalism What do you think “the Tennis Court Oath” is? Reign of Terror? Who said, “Let them eat cake”?

Historical Factors that shaped French Nationalism

Social Factors that shaped French Nationalism

Like events, people can become powerful symbols of nationalism.

A growing middle class called the bourgeoisie. France was a centre of new ideas. During the 1700s, France was a cultural centre of Europe. Writers, artists, philosophers and others gathered to question the established order and to discuss ideas such as liberty, happiness, religious freedom and individual rights.

Some Economic Factors That Shaped French Nationalism

The French economy was in chaos by the late 1780s. This was largely because during the 18th Century, France had been constantly at war with its traditional rival, Britain, as well as other European countries. These conflicts, which included support for the rebels in the American War of Independence were costly – and largely unsuccessful. France was nearly bankrupt. Louis XVI decided to tax the people more – including French aristocrats. They didn’t like this ideas much and blocked his plan.

In June 1789, members of the Third Estate and even some clergy who had joined them met at a Tennis Court and swore the Tennis Court Oath.

Some Geographic Factors That Shaped French Nationalism Severe weather – the winter of 1788-1789 was bitterly cold with heavy snow. Melted snow flooded some areas. The next spring and summer brought drought to parts of France. The cause was a shortage of food. The cost of flour rose and many people could not afford to buy bread. People rioted. They resented the extravagance of the French royal court. They blamed Marie Antoinette for her lavish spending when the people were starving. “Let them eat cake.”

Some Political Factors That Shaped French Nationalism By 1789, the national Assembly had finished the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen. This political action abolished the traditional privileges enjoyed by the monarch, the clergy, and the aristocracy. The Declaration sparked a bloody struggle that eventually led to the creation of a French nation based on new principles. It established France as a secular – non-religious – republic.

People reacted outside of France. Ruling elites in other countries were afraid that the events in France would inspire people in their own country to take similar actions. French royalists who supported the king had fled to neighboring countries – told stories of ill-treatment at the hands of the revolutionaries So other countries such as Austria, sent forces to invade France in an attempt to restore power to the monarchy. The Revolutionaries fought the invasions and they executed Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette in 1793.

Reign of Terror Many people were horrified by the execution of the king and queen and other brutal acts that were taking place. Revolutionary leaders fearing opposition within France began the Reign of Terror. The Reign of Terror lasted 11 months – the constitution was suspended and anyone who criticized the revolution was targeted. Olympe de Gouges at first supported the revolution. She later challenged revolutionary leaders – the Declaration excluded women – she wrote the Declaration of the Rights of Woman and of the Female Citizen. She also did not agree with executing the king and queen.

The Rise of Napoleon Revolutionaries had split into factions (small groups within a larger group). This resulted in the French government becoming unstable In 1799, Napoleon emerged as a leader who – he united the French and brought order to France. Cause and effect thinking

Assignment 1 – Reflect & Respond pg 53 Assignment 2 - Read GeoReality – The Disastrous Russian Campaign pg 54 & 55 Respond in written notes to the Exploration questions