8. America Builds an Empire Expansionism and Imperialism

Bell Ringer 10/23/14 CNN Student News Take Notes Summarize one story

Read/Look at the cartoon, then answer in your notes: According to this cartoon, how did George Washington feel about foreign policy? Explain.

Foreign Policy What is foreign policy? A country’s policies towards other countries; their strategies for dealing with other countries What did George Washington think about foreign policy?

Foreign Policy Read about foreign policy on page 137 of the brown book. You will be assigned a term to summarize IN YOUR OWN WORDS and will write it on the board.

Control of US Foreign Policy A country’s policies towards other countries; their strategies for dealing with other countries International Anarchy Balance of Power Foreign Policy Summarize your assigned term in YOUR OWN WORDS Write this chart in your notes Control of US Foreign Policy Traditional Foreign Policy National Interests

World Power Besides being an age of important domestic reform, the Progressive Era witnessed the emergence of the United States as a great power on the world stage.

Major nations had divided up most of the world into colonial possessions The United States wanted to be part of the action.

Define Key Terms (homework due Monday 10/27): Spanish-American War (138) Joseph Pulitzer (138) William Randolph Hearst (138) Yellow Journalism (138) De Lome Letter (138) U.S.S. Maine (138) Rough Riders (139) San Juan Hill (139) Imperialism(141) Alfred Thayer Mahan (141) American Anti-Imperialist League (141) Queen Liliuokalani (144) Sanford B. Dole (144) Platt Amendment (143) “Spheres of influence” (145) John Hay (145) “Open Door” Policy (145) Boxers (145) Boxer Rebellion (145) Commodore Matthew Perry (145) Treaty of Portsmouth (145) Use the brown book, chapter 8 http://hs.wyliebulldogs.org/ourpages/auto/2012/8/21/39374856/Chapter%208.pdf

Spanish-American War

Write and answer these questions during the video: http://historicalthinkingmatters.org/spanishamericanw ar/ How far away is Cuba from the USA? American investors had put how much money into Cuba? The U.S.S. ____________ entered the Cuban Harbor. Why did McKinley send the ship into Havana? What happened on Feb.15th? Who did the USA declare war on?

Origins of the Spanish-American War Spanish empire was beginning to crumble and retained only Cuba the Philippines Puerto Rico A few smaller islands. Economic issues in Cuba led the citizens to push for independence from Spain. Jose Marti, leader Spanish military used brutal techniques to repress the uprising. Many died of disease and starvation. These events raised humanitarian concerns in the U.S.

Yellow Press/Journalism Newspapers of the time, in search of sensational headlines to sell papers exaggerated the stories This unbalanced reporting increased circulations gave Americans an inaccurate picture of events in Cuba. Americans also had concerns about their investments in and trade with Cuba. Any examples of yellow press today?

Triggering Events McKinley Declares war in 1898 1. Battle Ship Maine Explodes 2. DeLome letter criticizes President McKinley McKinley Declares war in 1898

Triggering Events cont. Naval Ship Explodes De Lome Letter U.S.S. Maine sent to Cuba to protect Americans and property Havana Harbor Exploded, sunk, killed 258 Americans Spanish ambassador Written and published in U.S. newspapers Called President McKinley “weak” McKinley Declares war in 1898

War Lasts 4 Months Fought on two fronts The Pacific and the Caribbean. U.S. defeated the Spanish in every battle. Theodore Roosevelt raised a Navy volunteer force known as the Rough Riders Their attack on San Juan Hill, Cuba Made Roosevelt a national hero. American forces occupied the Philippines, Cuba, Puerto Rico, and Guam. Marks the end of Spain's colonial empire and the emergence of the US as a world power.

Bell Ringer CNN Student News Summarize one event

Review: Spain’s Empire began to crumble, losing territories Issues in Cuba & brutal tactics from Spanish Americans had millions invested in Cuba Yellow Journalism USS Maine Explodes and DeLome letter critcizes McKinley 4 month war, America defeats USA Roosevelt and Rough Riders USA becomes world power

Imperialism a policy of extending a country's power and influence through diplomacy or military force With the end of the Spanish-American War, America occupied Spain’s old territories

The Arguments for Imperialism Explanation 1. Colonies would give America materials for factories and a place to sell American goods 1. Need for Raw Materials and Markets 2.Colonies promote American Naval strength to protect American Interests 2. Strategic Reasons 3. Imperialism would show the pride an strength of America; the USA should get colonies before all the other countries did 3. Nationalism 4. Anglo-Saxon Superiority: Americans were a “superior race” that should rule others Spread of Christianity: convert natives 4. Attitudes towards other Peoples

Alfred Thayer Mahan, Historian Wrote The Influence of Sea Power upon History (1890) Focused on the harsh political realities of expansion. In order to achieve world power a country needed a powerful navy a large merchant marine A world power needed colonies naval bases to provide coaling stations Needed trade to support merchant ships Advocated seizure of Pacific trade routes, construct a canal through Central America, and dominate the Caribbean region.

Anti-Imperialists Argument Many Americans felt uneasy about forcing control of other countries Felt that imperialism violated the basic democratic principles of self-government. American Anti-Imperialist League was formed opposed the acquisition of colonies

Imperialists Win the Argument US acquires a colonial empire: the Philippines, Guam, Hawaii, Puerto Rico, Samoa, and Midway Cuba had been promised independence before the war was fought. Platt Amendment altered that somewhat. United States had the right to intervene in Cuban affairs at any time.

Imperialist USA Worksheet The United States gained territories in The Pacific East Asia Caribbean Use the brown books to complete the worksheet and take a closer look at these territories Chapter 8: America Builds an Empire

America in the Pacific Philippines: Hawaii: Guam: Midway: Samoa: Angry that they did not receive independence. Engaged in a long and almost forgotten war with US until they were defeated in 1902. Hawaii: Queen Liliuokalani was overthrown by American landowners in 1893. Sandford B. Dole led the provisional government until the island was annexed by the U.S. Guam: Taken as a result of the Spanish-American War Midway: Obtained in 1867 Samoa: Divided between Germany and U.S. in 1899.

America and East Asia Control of islands in the Pacific gave Americans opportunities for trade with both China and Japan. China had been partitioned off into various “spheres” blocking the U.S. from trade John Hay and the Open Door notes opened China up to American trade. In 1853, Matthew Perry landed in Japan and opened trade there. Japan became an imperialist nation Defeated the Russians in the Russo-Japanese War Theodore Roosevelt won the Nobel Peace Prize for negotiating the treaty

America in the Caribbean U.S. did not release Cuba from it’s “protectorate” status until 1930s. Cuba controlled by the USA Theodore Roosevelt funded a Panamanian revolt from Colombia in order to gain access too the Isthmus of Panama to build the canal connecting the two oceans

Challenges of Building the Panama Canal Took 10 years (1903-1914) to complete Cost $400 million Thousands of lives lost Many from diseases from the tropical climate Intense heat Yellow Fever Two doctors worked to improve conditions: Dr. Walter Reed and Dr. William Gorgas

Caribbean is seen as an American Lake Using the “Monroe Doctrine” U.S. insisted that European nations no longer colonize the Americas. In 1904, Roosevelt added the “Roosevelt Corollary”. Known as the Big Stick Policy was used to justify sending U.S. troops to the West Indies and Central America

Taft’s Dollar Diplomacy Encouraged bankers to invest in the countries of the Caribbean region. By lending money to Latin American nations, the US could then exert influence on that nation. It was a way to influence foreign policy without force.

Woodrow Wilson’s Policy Tried to stay away from what he called the “bullying tactics” of the previous presidents. Sent troops to Haiti, Nicaragua, and the Dominican Republic To protect American interests. Purchased the Virgin Islands from Denmark in 1917 When troops of the rebel leader Pancho Villa in Mexico murdered Americans in New Mexico Wilson sent American troops into Mexico under the command of John J. Pershing Withdrew those troops in 1917 when U.S. entered World War I.