DO NOW Directions: Write the question and answer. 1. The consumers at the top of the food pyramid have much less energy available to support them than those closer to the bottom. What causes this to occur? A. Energy at each level decreases as it is used by organisms at that level. B. Tertiary consumers eat all the producers in the pyramid. C. Tertiary consumers eat all the primary consumers in the pyramid. D. Energy at each level is hidden by animals that occupy that level. 2. An abundance of ___________ is important in the stability of an energy pyramid. A. producers B. 1 st level consumers C. carnivores D. 2 nd level consumers

DO NOW Directions: Write the question and answer. 1. A compound is organic if the carbon is bonded to at least one _____. a.hydrogen b. phosphorous c. oxygend. sulfur 2. Organic compounds contain carbon, hydrogen, and other elements such as – A. aluminum and nickelB. sodium and chlorine C. nitrogen and sulfurD. magnesium and calcium

DO NOW Which formula represents an organic compound? A. NH 3 B. H 2 OC. C 6­ H 12 O 6 D. AgNO 3 2. The compounds carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) and methane (CH 4 ) both contains carbon atoms, but carbon dioxide is not an organic compound. Why? A. organic compounds do not include oxygen elements B. organic compounds cannot be gases C. organic compounds are only found in nonliving things D. organic compounds must have carbon and hydrogen atoms bonded together

Organic Compounds By: Sabin Thomas

EQ What elements are common in our body?

What is an element and compound? An element is made up of one kind of atom and is represented by the symbol for the atom (EXAMPLE: O is the symbol for the element oxygen) A compound is made of two or more kinds of atoms (EXAMPLE: H 2 O is the chemical formula for water)

MISCONCEPTION NOTE!! Not all elements have one letter for a symbol. Some elements have two-letter symbols, but the second letter will always be lower-case For ex: Fe is the symbol for iron Ca is the symbol for calcium When a compound is made, the number of capital letters will tell you how many elements make it up. For ex. CO 2 – has 2 element, carbon and oxygen NaCl – has 2 elements, sodium and chlorine CaCO 3 – has 3 elements, calcium, carbon, and oxygen

What does “organic” mean? In the non-science world “organic” means something made from nature In chemistry, “organic” means a carbon containing compound whose behavior and characteristics are a direct result of the flexibility of the carbon atom

Organic Compound made of carbon and hydrogen atoms Organic compounds are chemical compounds made of carbon and hydrogen atoms, and can include oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorous, or sulfur. Ex. C 6 H 6 – Benzene C 8 H 10 N 4 O 2 – Cholesterol C 10 H 12 N 3 O 3 PS 2 - Azinphos-methyl Azinphos-methyl

Think-Pair-Share Where are organic compounds found? Organic compounds are found in living or once living organisms

Why is carbon so basic to life? The reason is carbon’s ability to form stable bonds with many elements, including itself. This property allows carbon to form a huge variety of very large and complex molecules.

DOL What is a compound made of ? A. one element B. two or more elements C. One compound D. two or more compounds Identify which is an element or compound 2. O 2 3. Co 4. C 8 H 10 N 4 O 2 5. MgO

DOL What is a compound made of ? A.one elementB. two or more elements C. One compoundD. two or more compounds 2. What makes a compound organic? A. hydrogen and oxygenB. oxygen and carbon C. carbon and hydrogenD. carbon and silver 3. Where are organic compounds found in nature? A.In non-living things B.In metals C.In living or once living things D.All of the above

Types of Organic Compounds The millions of organic compounds can be grouped into just four major types: Proteins Nucleic Acids Carbohydrates Lipids ALL OF WHICH ARE FOUND IN LIVING THINGS!!

Proteins carbonhydrogenoxygen nitrogen,sulfur Are made up of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sometimes sulfur atoms Are most abundant organic compounds in living cells Are essential in building and repairing body cells and tissues Some foods including fish, eggs, meat, nuts, and beans are high in protein

Nucleic Acids carbon hydrogenoxygennitrogen phosphorous Are mostly made of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and phosphorous atom The two kinds of nucleic acids are DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) and RNA (ribonucleic acid). DNA is the genetic material that carries information about an organism. RNA is important for making proteins.

Carbohydrates carbon hydrogenoxygen Consists mostly of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms where the proportion of H atoms to O atoms is 2:1. Are the chief energy sources in all organisms Provides raw fuel for muscles and organs A lot of food that comes from plants have starches in them. Your body breaks down the starches into a sugar that your cells can use for energy.

Lipids carbonhydrogen They are made of mostly carbon and hydrogen atoms Includes fats and fat molecules Come from a combination of glycerol and fatty acids Stores energy Insulators to protect from cold Fatty acids – come from nuts, meat, and milk

Elements Found in Organic Compounds Use the following acronym to remember the elements found in organic compounds: N-CHOPS N Nitrogen C Carbon H Hydrogen O Oxygen P Phosphorous S Sulfur

Can you identify the Organic Compounds from this list? 1. C 6 H 8 O 6 – Ascorbic Acid (vitamin C) 2. CO 2 – Carbon Dioxide 3. HCl – Hydrochloric Acid 4. C 8 H 10 N 4 O 2 – Caffeine 5. C 27 H 46 O – Cholesterol 6. H 2 O 2 – Hydrogen peroxide 7. C 19 H 19 N 7 O 6 – Folic Acid (Vitamin M) 8. C 6 H 12 O 6 – Glucose 9. MgO – magnesium oxide 10. O 3 – Ozone 11. C 13 H 18 O 2 – Ibuprofen 12. C 20 H 30 O – Retinol (Vitamin A)

The Organic Compounds Are… 1. C 6 H 8 O 6 – Ascorbic Acid (vitamin C) 2. CO 2 – Carbon Dioxide 3. HCl – Hydrochloric Acid 4. C 8 H 10 N 4 O 2 – Caffeine 5. C 27 H 46 O – Cholesterol 6. H 2 O 2 – Hydrogen peroxide 7. C 19 H 19 N 7 O 6 – Folic Acid (Vitamin M) 8. C 6 H 12 O 6 – Glucose 9. MgO – magnesium oxide 10. O 3 – Ozone 11. C 13 H 18 O 2 – Ibuprofen 12. C 20 H 30 O – Retinol (Vitamin A)

DOL KOH – Potassium Hydroxide 2. NaCl – Sodium Chloride (table salt) 3. C 19 H 28 O 2 – Testosterone 4. CH 4 N 2 O – Urea 5. H 2 0 – Water 6. C 12 H 22 O 11 – Sucrose (table sugar) 7. CO – carbon monoxide

The Organic Compounds Are… 1. KOH – Potassium Hydroxide 2. NaCl – Sodium Chloride (table salt) 3. C 19 H 28 O 2 – Testosterone 4. CH 4 N 2 O – Urea 5. H 2 0 – Water 6. C 12 H 22 O 11 – Sucrose (table sugar) 7. CO – carbon monoxide