INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES LECTURER PROF.Dr. DEMIR BAYKA

FUEL METERING IN CI ENGINES MAIN OBJECTIVES : TO INJECT A CONTROLLED QUANTITY OF FUEL TO THE DESIRED CYLINDER AT THE DESIRED CRANKANGLE MAINTAIN A CORRECT INJECTION RATE MAINTAIN A CORRECT SPRAY PATTERN AND TO SHARPLY END THE INJECTION AT THE DESIRED CRANKANGLE

Diesel fuel injection pumps are generally divided into two categories: Mechanical & Electronic Mechanically controlled fuel injection pumps are available as: In-line type Distributor type

Electronically controlled fuel injection pumps are available as: In-line type Distributor type Common Rail type

In-line Fuel Injection pumps have the same number of plungers as cylinders in the engine. They have been around the longest and include Camshaft-Less (PFR) types.

Distributor Fuel Injection pumps were designed to be lighter and smaller than in- line types. They inject and distribute fuel into each cylinder within one rotation of a single plunger.

QUIZ No: LIST THE TYPES OF INJECTION SYSTEMS IN DIESEL ENGINES.

The Common Rail type has a completely different injection method from conventional fuel injection pumps. It will become more common over time as it is instrumental in enabling Diesel systems to meet increasingly stringent emission regulations.

UNIT FUEL INJECTOR INDIVIDUAL PUMP SYSTEM THIS TYPE OF FUEL METERİNG IS USED IN LARGER DIESEL ENGINES (MARINE ENGINES)

END OF DELIVERY MAXIMUM DELIVERY BOTTOM OF STROKE FUEL STARTS ESCAPING

INJECTION NOZZLE VARIOUS DROPLET DIAMETERS MODELLING THE SPRAY

An electronically controlled fuel injection pump utilises a microcomputer to control fuel injection quantity and injection timing according to running conditions of the engine. Unlike conventional mechanical control, fuel injection quantity and injection timing are controlled electronically, thereby resulting in fine and accurate control. It can be referred to as Electronic Control Diesel or ECD.

VOLVO D5 COMMONRAIL DIESEL ENGINE

1. fuel tank2. overall immersed pump complete with level indicator command3.fuel introduction pipe4. multifunctional valve5. cartridge for diesel filter6. pressure pump7. high pressure connecting pipe8. allotment collector1. fuel tank2. overall immersed pump complete with level indicator command3.fuel introduction pipe4. multifunctional valve5. cartridge for diesel filter6. pressure pump7. high pressure connecting pipe8. allotment collector 9. electronic injectors10. electronic injectors recycle11. return collector (low pressure)12. pressure regulator13. fuel temperature sensor14. fuel pressure sensor15. diesel heater 16. heat switch9. electronic injectors10. electronic injectors recycle11. return collector (low pressure)12. pressure regulator13. fuel temperature sensor14. fuel pressure sensor15. diesel heater 16. heat switch BOSCH PIEZO ELECTRIC INJECTOR

1997: First Common Rail system in the world for passenger cars. Injection pressure: 1,350 bar. First production use: Alfa Romeo and Mercedes-Benz. 1999: Common Rail system for trucks. Injection pressure: 1,400 bar. First production use: Renault (RVI). 2001: 2nd generation Common Rail for passenger cars makes diesel engines even more economical, cleaner, quieter and more powerful. Injection pressure: 1,600 bar. First production use: Volvo and BMW.

2002: 2nd generation Common Rail for trucks gives lower emissions, improved fuel consumption and more power. Injection pressure: 1,600 bar. First production use: MAN. 2003: 3rd generation Common Rail with rapid-switch piezo inline injectors for cars. Advantages: up to 20 % lower emissions or up to 5 % more power or up to 3 % lower fuel consumption or up to 3 dB(A) less engine noise. Injection pressure: 1,600 bar. First production use: Audi. The 3rd generation Comon Rail from Bosch is characterized by rapid- switch, compact piezo-inline-injectors. The innovative injection system provides for low exhaust emissions in the new V6 diesel engine of the Audi A8.

COMMON RAIL INJECTION

Injectors have up to ten nozzle holes with a diameter of less than 0.1 millimeters, allowing extremely fine atomization of the fuel for a better mixture with air. The demand-driven pump enables fuel pressures of up to 1650 bar and boasts efficiency that can reach 95 percent SIEMENS PIEZO ELECTRIC INJECTOR

Using three fuel bursts enables to substantially reduce emissions of nitrous oxide, hydrocarbons and soot.

SULZER COMMON RAIL FUEL INJECTION SYSTEM FOR 4 AND 2 STROKE MARINE DIESEL ENGINES