Direct Cross-Connection (a) A Clean-In-Place system is used to direct sanitizer from a reservoir to a recently cleaned milk tank. The sanitizer exists the tank and flows back to the reservoir. Sanitizer concentration is maintained by adding concentrated sanitizer to the tank and a metering pump is used to add potable water as needed. Potable water supply Milk tank Return flow to reservoir Pressurized flow to tank Concentrated sanitizer Sanitizer reservoir Metering Pump

Direct Cross-Connection (b) A sudden drop in the pressure in the potable water line or an increase in the sanitizer reservoir could cause the sanitizer to backflow into the potable water supply. Potable water supply Milk tank Back-pressure from the pump causes sanitizer to enter the potable water supply Return flow to reservoir Pressurized flow to tank Concentrated sanitizer Sanitizer reservoir Metering Pump

Direct Cross-Connection (c) The solution is to install a vacuum breaker between the metering pump and the potable water supply thus preventing a greater a build-up of pressure on the non-potable side. Potable water supply Milk tank Return flow to reservoir Vacuum breaker Pressurized flow to tank Concentrated sanitizer Sanitizer reservoir Metering Pump

Indirect Cross-Connection (a) Potable water enters a sanitizer mixing tank through a submerged inlet. Flow to equipment Submerged water inlet Fill line Submerged water inlet Pump Potable water supply Sanitizer mixing tank

Indirect Cross-Connection (b) A sudden drop in the pressure in the potable water line causes contaminants to siphon into the potable water supply. Flow to equipment Back-siphonage causes sanitizer to enter the potable water supply Fill line Submerged water inlet Pump Potable water supply Sanitizer mixing tank

Indirect Cross-Connection (c) The solution is to raise the water inlet so that it is always above the surface of the sanitizer thus preventing build-up of pressure gradient and siphonage from occurring. Flow to equipment Air gap Potable water supply Fill line Pump Sanitizer mixing tank