Unit 3:Kennedy and the New Frontier Unit Schedule: 10/ Kennedy and the Cold War 10/10-Cuban Missile Crisis Project/Paper Begins 10/ The New Frontier “Ask not what your country can do for you- ask what you can do for your country.” -John F. Kennedy Essential Questions: Why was JFK such a popular president? What makes a U.S. President great?

28.1 Kennedy and the Cold War Lesson Objective: To understand the 1960 Election and the Foreign Policy goals of the Kennedy Administration Essential Question: Why has JFK become on of our most beloved presidents?

Quiz10/9 1.Who convinced the judge to release MLK? 2.What two issues helped Kennedy win the 1960 election? 3.Kennedy’s running mate (VP) was who? 4.The dictator of Cuba overthrown by Castro was who? 5.This was built to separate East and West Berlin?

Key Terms John F. Kennedy Flexible Response Fidel Castro Hot line Limited Test Ban Treaty

Key Dates Cuban Revolution Fidel Castro takes power in Cuba Nov Kennedy Elected president April Bay of Pigs August Berlin Wall Built October Cuban Missile Crisis

The Election of 1960 Democratic nominee- John F. Kennedy- MA Senator Republican Nominee- Richard Nixon- Vice President of the United States Ended up closest election since 1888! Kennedy’s advantages: Young, charismatic, good-looking Wealthy, family pedigree Economic Recession Growing tension with Soviet Union Kennedy’s Disadvantages: Young, inexperienced Catholic What did the election end up coming down to? T.V. and Civil Rights Nixon/Kennedy Debate Kennedy wins image battle with Nixon- most who listened on radio said Nixon was better! Civil Rights MLK is arrested JFK reached out to Coretta Scott King – Nixon/ Eisenhower stay silent RFK gets judge to allow MLK out of jail on bail African Americans in key states vote for Kennedy in large numbers

Kennedy and the Cold War Concern over Soviet influence in the Asia, Africa, Latin America Especially Cuba Kennedy took hard line on communism- why? Change from brinksmanship to flexible response Define: “Kennedy administration worried that reliance on nuclear weapons gave us no way to respond to large nonnuclear attacks without committing suicide. President Kennedy said we had put ourselves in the position of having to choose in a crisis between “inglorious retreat or unlimited retaliation.” We decided to broaden the range of options by strengthening and modernizing the military’s ability to fight nonnuclear war.”- Robert McNamara Large increase in military spending Special forces Tripled nuclear capabilities

This conjunction of an immense military establishment and a large arms industry is new in the American experience. The total influence-economic, political, even spiritual- is felt in every city, every statehouse, every office of the federal government. We recognize the imperative need for this development. Yet we must not fail to comprehend its grave implications…the potential for the disastrous rise of misplaced power exists and will persist.- Dwight D. Eisenhower “Farewell Address”“Farewell Address” Think:Write:Pair:Share Is this military-industrial complex morally good or evil? Indifferent? What does it mean for a Democracy to have this? Is it a necessary evil in the Modern era?

The Berlin Crisis West Berlin was “Showcase of Democracy” 3 million East Germans had moved to the city in decade after airlift! 20% of East Germany’s Population! That was embarrassment to Soviets Solution? Berlin Wall Kennedy and Khrushchev looked for ways to decrease tension Hotline established in 1963 Limited Test Ban Treaty

The Berlin Wall

Crisis In Cuba - Eisenhower cut off diplomatic relations with Cuba - Revolutionary Fidel Castro fought Cuban dictator Fulgencio Batista. - “Revolutionaries are not born, they are made by poverty, inequality, and dictatorship” -Castro takes control of oil refineries and commercial farms -U.S. responded by restricting the trade of Cuban sugar -Bay of Pigs InvasionBay of Pigs Invasion