HEALTH BEHAVIOR, HEALTH EDUCATION & HEALTH PROMOTION Theories, Practice & Research RST- FK-UWKS, 2014

HEALTH BEHAVIOUR Theories Behavior (B) = f (K.A.P) K & A: covert behaviour ATTITUDES: Cognitive aspect Affective aspect Conative aspect (Psychomotor). PRACTICES: Overt behavior

CHANGES to BLOOM’S A NEW VERSION of the Cognitive Taxonomy 1956 2001 NOUN1956 CREATE EVALUATE ANALYZE APPLY COMPREHENSION UNDERSTAND KNOWLEDGE REMEMBER NOUN1956 EVALUATION SYNTHESIS ANALYSIS APPLICATION COMPREHENSION KNOWLEDGE to Verb Form NOUN Taksonomi Bloom, sumber Wilson 2006

THE HEALTH BELIEF MODEL (HBM), COMPONENTS & LINKAGES Likelihood to action Modifying factors Individual PERCEPTION Perceived Susceptibility/ Severity of disease Cues to action: Education Symptoms, illness Media information Age, sex, ethnicity Personality Socioeconomics Knowledge Attitude, Culture (values, Norms) Perceived threat of disease Likelihood of Behavior change Perceived benefits Minus Perceived barriers to behavior change

KEY CONCEPTS AND DEFINITIONS OF HBM Perceived susceptibility: one’s opinion of chances of getting a condition Perceived severity: one’s opinion of how serious a condition and its sequelae are Perceived barriers: one’s opinion of tangible & psychological costs of advised action Perceived benefits: one’s opinion of the efficacy of the advised action to reduce risk or seriousness of impact. Cues to action: Strategies to activate one’s “readiness” Self-efficacy: One’s confidence in one’s ability to take action

PRECEDE- PROCEED Framework of HP-planning ( L.W.Green & Kreuter, 2000) Phase 4 Phase 5 Phase 3 Phase 2 Phase 1 PREDISPOSING factors HEALTH PROMOTION PRECEDE Health EDUCATION BEHAVIOR & Lifestyle REINFORCING factors Quality Of LIFE HEALTH POLICY Regulation group ENABLING factors ENVIRONMENT Phase 9 Phase 8 Phase 7 Phase 6 PROCEED

Health Behavior = f (Pre. En. Re.) ( L.W.Green). PREDISPOSING FACTORS: NORMS, VALUES, KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDES, SOCIOECONOMICS, PSYCHOLOGICAL FACTORS ENABLING FACTORS: COMPETENCY—HARD SKILL , SOFT SKILL, HEALTH FACILITY ( Availability, Acessability, Acceptability, Affordability). REINFORCING FACTORS: Health Providers, Community/ spiritual Leaders, Peers, Husband / Wife/ Child – Children).

Hygiene-Motivation Factors (F.Herzberg)) (Two-factor theory) Motivation factors: adalah faktor pekerjaan yang keberadaannya dapat menimbulkan kepuasan Hygiene factors: adalah faktor lingkungan kerja yang ketidak-beradaannya dapat menimbulkan ketidakpuasan.

Faktor kepuasan kerja (F.Herzberg)) Faktor penentu kepuasan: (Motivation factors) Achievement. (Prestasi) Recognition. (Pengakuan) Work itself. (Sifat Pekerjaan) Responsibility. (Tanggung Jawab) Advancement. (Kemajuan/ Promosi/Pengembangan)

Faktor kepuasan kerja (F.Herzberg) Penyebab ketidakpuasan: (Hygiene factors) Policy (Kebijakan) Salary (Gaji) Working conditions (Kondisi pekerjaan) Interpersonal relations (Hubungan antar individu) Supervision (Pengawasan)

Hierarchy of needs (maslow) SELF ACTUALIZATION SELF ESTEEM SAFETY BIO-PHYSIOLOGICAL

ADOPTION & DIFFUSION OF INOVATION PROCESS IN THE COMMUNITY FK-UWKS-2014

ADOPTION PROCESS (Rogers et al, 1971) A WARENESS I NTEREST E VALUATION T RIAL A DOPTION

STAGES in the INNOVATION-DECISION PROCESS (Rogers et al, 1983). K NOWLEDGE P ERSUASION D ECISION I MPLE MENTATION 5. C ONFIRMATION

STAGES in the INNOVATION-DECISION PROCESS (Rogers et al, 1983). Communication Channels PRIOR CONDITION Previous practice Felt needs /problems Innovativeness Norms of the soc.syastem KNOWLEDGE PERSUASION DECISION Charact. Of the Decision making unit: 1.Soc—econ, 2.Personality 3.Communcation behavior Perceived Charact of the Innovation: 1Relative advantage 2.Compatibility 3.Complexity 4.Trialability 5.Observability 1.Adoption 2.Rejection Cont’d

STAGES in the INNOVATION-DECISION PROCESS COMMUNICATION CHANNELS IV. IMPLEMENTATION V. CONFIRMATION III. DECISION Continued Adoption Later Adoption Adoption Discontinuance Continued Rejection Rejection

ATTRIBUTES OF INNOVATION & THEIR RATE OF ADOPTION RELATIVE ADVANTAGE Economic. Aspect Status aspect Effect of Incentive s COMPATIBILITY: with Values & beliefs Needs Rate of Adoption Positioning of innovation 1. RELATIVE ADVANTAGE 2. COMPATIBILITY 3. COMPLEXITY 4. TRIALABILITY 5. OBSERVABILITY

ADOPTER CATEGORIES as IDEAL TYPES INNOVATORS : Venturesome EARLY ADOPTERS :Respectable EARLY MAJORITY : Deliberate LATE MAJORITY : Skeptical LAGGARDS : Traditional

DAFTAR PUSTAKA GLANZ, KAREN, FRANCES MARCUS LEWIS, BARBARA K.RIMER editors,1997. HEALTH BEHAVIOR & HEALTH EDUCATION. Theory, Research, and Practice, 2nd ed. Jossey-Bass Publishers, San franscisco Rogers, Everett M,1983. DIFFUSION OF INNOVATIONS, 3rd ed. The Free Press NY& Collier Macmillan Publishers.London.