Invertebrate Zoology – ZOOL 3104

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Presentation transcript:

Invertebrate Zoology – ZOOL 3104

Burgess Shale

How are fossils made? Animal is buried (dead or alive) Mud, silt, volcanic ash, or sand Fossils could also be frozen in ice, mummified in hot or cold deserts, or preserved in tar Usually, all of a living thing’s soft parts decay, leaving only the hard parts

How are fossils made II Replacement: the minerals replace, molecule by molecule, the hard parts or the remains Permineralization: minerals fill in the spaces of the hard parts of the remains

Burgess Shale Made famous to the general public by Stephen Jay Gould. 1989. Wonderful Life: The Burgess Shale and the Nature of History

Burgess Shale Shale is a sedimentary rock formed by the deposition of successive layers of clay.

Burgess Shale Shale is a sedimentary rock formed by the deposition of successive layers of clay. Located in Yoho National Park in the Rocky Mountains, near Field, British Columbia, Canada.

Burgess Shale Cambrian rock formation over 500 million years. Shale is a sedimentary rock formed by the deposition of successive layers of clay. Located in Yoho National Park in the Rocky Mountains, near Field, British Columbia, Canada. Cambrian rock formation over 500 million years.

Burgess Shale So, what is so special about it? Shale is a sedimentary rock formed by the deposition of successive layers of clay. Located in Yoho National Park in the Rocky Mountains, near Field, British Columbia, Canada. Cambrian rock formation over 500 million years. So, what is so special about it?

A unique place Exceptional preservation of soft bodied marine invertebrates. Over 65,000 fossil specimens of 120 species from the Burgess Shale are housed at the Smithsonian.

Burgess Shale

How preservation works? Good preservation indicates deposition in anoxic conditions

How preservation works? Good preservation indicates deposition in anoxic conditions Many delicate details of soft part anatomy are preserved. (Legs and gills of trilobites, etc.)

How preservation works? Good preservation indicates deposition in anoxic conditions Many delicate details of soft part anatomy are preserved. (Legs and gills of trilobites, etc.) Swept off an adjacent, well-oxygenated carbonate platform by turbidity currents, and killed and protected from decay in anoxic water

http://burgess-shale. rom. on. ca/en/sea-odyssey/catastrophic-burial http://burgess-shale.rom.on.ca/en/sea-odyssey/catastrophic-burial.php

The initial discovery Charles D. Walcott (1909) Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution (1850-1927)

Charles D. Walcott

The Animals Mud dwellers, filter feeders Strollers, walkers and crawlers Swimmers and floaters

Filter Feeders P: Porifera

Filter Feeders P: Echinodermata: C: Crinoidea

Mud Dwellers: C: Polychaeta (P: Annelida)

Strollers, walkers and crawlers P: Onychophora

Strollers, walkers and crawlers P: Onychophora

Strollers, walkers and crawlers P: Onychophora

Hallucigenia sparsa an Onychophoran from the Burgess Shale deposits of Canada

Strollers, walkers and crawlers Unknown phylum Wiwaxia

Strollers, walkers and crawlers P: Arthropods

Swimmers and floaters P: Arthropoda: SP: Trilobites

Swimmers and floaters P: Ctenophora, and Cnidaria

Weird Creature Award P: Arthropoda

Weird Creature Award

Weird Creature Award Anomalocaris over 12 inches long!

The world’s first known chordate Pikaia

The Big Picture Fossilization usually takes place only of hard parts The Burgess Shale is unique in that it fossilized soft tissues Many creatures fossilized in the shale are extinct and were truly unique.