15 The Male and Female Reproductive Systems Lesson 15.1: Reproduction and Development of the Human Reproductive Systems Lesson 15.2: Male Reproductive System Anatomy and Physiology Lesson 15.3: Female Reproductive System Anatomy and Physiology Lesson 15.4: Fertilization, Pregnancy, and Birth Lesson 15.5: Disorders and Diseases of the Reproductive System

Reproduction and Development of the Human Reproductive Systems Chapter 15: The Male and Female Reproductive Systems Lesson 15.1 Reproduction and Development of the Human Reproductive Systems

Puberty maturation of the reproductive system males usually reach puberty between 9 and 14 years of age females usually reach puberty between 8 and 13 years of age secretion of gonadotropin releasing hormone stimulates the pituitary to produce more follicle stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone FSH and LH stimulate the production of testosterone (males) and estrogen/progesterone (females) which stimulate the maturation of repro organs

Puberty development of secondary sexual characteristics females males breast growth growth of axillary and pubic hair increase in size of pelvic outlet to prepare for childbirth menarche – 1st menstrual bleeding males growth of scrotum, testes, and length of penis increased size of larynx and length of vocal cords – deeper voice nocturnal emissions – discharge of semen during sleep

Male Reproductive System Anatomy and Physiology Chapter 15: The Male and Female Reproductive Systems Lesson 15.2 Male Reproductive System Anatomy and Physiology

Male Reproductive Anatomy

Male Reproductive Anatomy gonads primary reproductive organs testes (testicles) site in which gametes (sperm) are made sperm male haploid cells that can fertilize an egg to form a zygote accessory reproductive organs needed for sperm maturation and delivery of sperm to the female include external genitalia – penis and scrotum include internal structures – prostate, 2 seminal glands, and the 2 bulbourethral glands

Male Reproductive Anatomy scrotum pouch of skin that hangs outside the body that contains the 2 testes and associated ducts externally located to keep the testes at a cooler temp to maximize sperm production muscles that maximize optimum temp of the scrotum cremaster and dartos muscles contract when the scrotum is cold bringing the scrotum closer to the body cremaster and dartos muscles relax when the scrotum is warm allowing the scrotum more freedom

Male Reproductive Anatomy sperm produced in the walls of the seminiferous tubules in the testes mature in the epididymis

Male Reproductive Anatomy penis delivers sperm to female glans penis – enlarged distal end prepuce – foreskin that covers much of the glans penis shaft contains erectile tissue tissues that have spaces to allow blood to pool to produce an erection 2 corpus cavernosa 1 corpus spongiosum circumcision surgical removal of the prepuce

Male Reproductive Anatomy ducts of the male reproductive system ductus deferens (vas deferens) carry sperm from the epididymis in the scrotum to the pelvic cavity extends from front to back along the upper lateral border of the bladder ampula – widened portion of ductus deferens forming a chamber at the posterior side of the bladder ejaculatory ducts carry sperm from the ampula to the prostate and then to the urethra

Male Reproductive Anatomy

Accessory Glands and Semen fluid that contains sperm only about 10% of the volume of semen is sperm 2 seminal glands produce up to 70% of the volume of semen prostate glands produce between one quarter to one third of the volume of semen 2 bulbourethral glands located below the prostate contribute a small amount of fluid to the semen during ejaculation, between 2-5ml of semen is ejected normal sperm count is between 20 million and 150 million sperm cells per ml

Male Reproductive Physiology sperm formation spermatogenesis formation of spermatids (haploid cells) through mitosis and meiosis begins at puberty sexual response erection neural impulses travel along parasympathetic nerve fibers to the erectile tissue of the penis arterioles in the penis relax, filling the erectile tissue with blood Ejaculation discharge of sperm from the ejaculatory duct sperm production and ejaculation

Summary spermatids are produced in the seminiferous tubules once they develop a flagellum, they become sperm and are released into the lumen of the seminiferous tubules and travel to the epididymis sperm achieve maturation in the epididymis and travel along the ductus deferens to the pelvic cavity to the upper part of the bladder sperm enter the ampulla which merges with the duct from the seminal gland to form the ejaculatory duct the sperm in the ejaculatory duct enters the prostate and then joins the urethra for exit out of the penis

Review and Assessment Fill in the blanks with: epididymis, spermatogenesis, testes, or penis. 1. Sperm formation is _______________. 2. The _______________ delivers sperm to the female. 3. Sperm mature in the _______________. 4. Sperm is produced in the _______________.

Stop

Female Reproductive System Anatomy and Physiology Chapter 15: The Male and Female Reproductive Systems Lesson 15.3 Female Reproductive System Anatomy and Physiology

Female Reproductive System Anatomy

Female Reproductive System Anatomy the ovaries oocyte egg cell ovulation release of egg from the ovary

Female Reproductive System Anatomy ducts of the female reproductive system uterine tubes connect ovary to uterus uterus–womb endometrium cervix

Female Reproductive System Anatomy vagina birth canal external genitalia labia–majora and minora clitoris mammary glands lactation

Oogenesis oocyte production process begins before birth primary oocyte secondary oocyte polar bodies

The Female Sexual Cycle also known as the menstrual cycle ovarian cycle maturation and release of oocyte the uterine cycle uterus readies for implantation

The Ovarian Cycle the follicular phase the luteal phase dominant primary follicle pituitary gland releases FSH and LH ovulation the luteal phase corpus luteum

The Uterine Cycle the menstrual phase the proliferative phase endometrium breaks down and sheds the proliferative phase endometrium grows back the secretory phase endometrium prepares to nourish embryo

Female Sexual Response stimulation tactile psychological orgasm

Review and Assessment True or False? 1. The vagina is the birth canal. 2. Oogenesis makes sperm. 3. The ovary is also called the womb. 4. Oogenesis begins before birth. 5. Ovulation is release of sperm from the ovary.

Fertilization, Pregnancy, and Birth Chapter 15: The Male and Female Reproductive Systems Lesson 15.4 Fertilization, Pregnancy, and Birth

Fertilization, Pregnancy, and Birth fertilization of the oocyte pregnancy childbirth lactation

Fertilization of the Oocyte the journey of the sperm vagina, uterus, uterine tube capacitation takes up to 10 hours sperm penetration zona pellucida acrosomal enzymes

Fertilization of the Oocyte protection against polyspermy only one sperm is required for fertilization more than one sperm causes death of oocyte chemistry of the zona pellucida changes after sperm entry completion of meiosis and fertilization sperm entry causes completion of meiosis Nejron Photo/Shutterstock.com

Pregnancy lasts approximately 265 days from fertilization to implantation development of the placenta, embryo, and fetus

From Fertilization to Implantation cell stages zygote morula blastocyst implantation blastocyst binds to endometrium

From Fertilization to Implantation

Development of Placenta, Embryo, and Fetus after implantation to 8 weeks placenta organ that supplies nutrients to embryo and fetus fetus after 8 weeks of development

Childbirth parturition oxytocin stages of labor birth dilation expulsion delivery of placenta

Lactation production of breast milk activation of milk-producing cells prolactin delivery of milk through ducts to the nipple oxytocin

Review and Assessment Match these words with 1–4 below: dilation, prolactin, implantation, birth. 1. activation of milk producing cells 2. parturition 3. a stage of labor 4. blastocyst binds to endometrium

Disorders and Diseases of the Reproductive System Chapter 15: The Male and Female Reproductive Systems Lesson 15.5 Disorders and Diseases of the Reproductive System

Infertility male infertility female infertility low sperm count erectile dysfunction female infertility failure to ovulate inability of egg to reach uterine tube lack of implantation

Infertility treatment for infertility in vitro fertilization lifestyle changes drugs to induce ovulation surgery to correct anatomical issues in vitro fertilization oocyte and sperm combined outside mother’s body

Sexually Transmitted Diseases viral HIV and AIDS genital herpes human papillomavirus bacterial gonorrhea chlamydia pelvic inflammatory disease

Sexually Transmitted Diseases detection and prevention symptoms genital discharge, sores, rash, burning during urination, and growths prevention condom, abstinence

Cancers of the Reproductive System prostate cancer PSA test cancers of the female reproductive tract uterine cancer ovarian cancer cervical cancer breast cancer

Review and Assessment True or False? 1. Abstinence will prevent spread of STDs. 2. A virus causes AIDS. 3. A virus causes gonorrhea. 4. A bacterium causes genital herpes. 5. Genital discharge is a symptom of STDs.