Stratified Columnar Epithelium

Epithelial,Connective,Muscle and Nervous Tissues Reference: Chapter 5 in your textbook

Q?? Specialized cells of the same type that perform a common function in the body are called_____________ A: just cells.. They don’t have a specific name. B: Brain tissue – anything that is organized must be a brain C: Tissues – it’s right after cells and right before organs in the levels of organization D: ARE YOU KIDDING ME!? It’s the first week in the semester.

Nervous Connective Answer: C. Epithelial Muscle Specialized cells that perform a specific function in the body are called tissues. The study of the microscopic anatomy of cells and tissues of plants and animals is called histology. The tissues in the human body can be categorized into four major types: Nervous Connective Muscle Epithelial

Connective Tissues Are made up of three components: Specialized cells (such as: macrophages, adipocytes, fibroblasts) Ground substance (a non-cellular substance that separates cells) Protein Fibers (such as: collagen fibers, elastic fibers, reticular fibers)

General Characteristics of Connective Tissues Binds structures Provides support and protection Fill spaces Stores fat Produce blood cells Protect against infections Help repair tissue damage

General Functions of Connective Tissues They divide easily. Have a large blood supply and are well nourished. Connected to epithelial cells below the basement membrane. Some have a fixed number of cells and some are temporary and appear when needed in response to injury or infection.

Connective Tissue Relationships… Loose Connective Tissue (AKA Aerolar) Dense Connective Tissue Adipose Tissue

Connective Tissue Relationships… Cartilage Bone Fibrocartilage Hyaline Elastic

Connective Tissue Relationships… Blood Lymph

Fibrous Connective Tissues Loose, Adipose and Dense

Loose Connective Tissue- Areolar tissue What is Loose Connective tissue? forms delicate thin membranes throughout the body. Where would you find it? Underneath epithelial cells to nourish them. Fills the spaces between skin and organs or muscles.

Loose Connective Tissue- Areolar tissue What is it’s function? Binds organs together Holds tissue fluids Protects, insulates and stores fat

What is Adipose tissue? Where would you find it? Fat When cells store fat in droplets within their cytoplasm and enlarge. Where would you find it? Beneath skin, around kidneys or organs, on surface of the heart. Around the eyeballs and certain joints as well as spaces between muscle.

Adipose Tissue What is its function? Cushions joints and some organs Insulates beneath the skin Stores energy When adipose cells become too numerous the crowd the cell and other cells forming fat tissue.

Where would you find it? What is Dense Connective tissue? Closely packed thick collagenous fibers and elastic fibers - Very strong to withstand pulling forces. Blood supply is poor so tissue repair is poor. Where would you find it? Ligaments and tendons The white part of your eye. Deep skin layers

Dense Connective Tissue What is it’s function? Binds body parts together through tendons (muscle to bone) or ligaments (bone to bone) Protects the eye How many of you have ever torn a ligament or tendon? How long did it take for you to recover from this injury? Due to the low blood supply, injuries to dense connective tissue take a long time to heal…

STOP. 1. Answer questions in your packet. Get an AP Buck. 2 STOP! 1. Answer questions in your packet. Get an AP Buck. 2. Review Fibrous Connective Tissue activity- Foldable. 3. Slides for Microscope Lab activity

Supportive Connective Tissue Hyaline, elastic, fibrocartilage, and bone

Supportive Connective Tissue General Characteristics Four types: Hayline Cartilage Elastic Cartilage Fibrocartilage Bone Rigid Connective Tissue Provides support Protects Lack a direct blood supply, get minimal blood by diffusion but not enough- so healing to cartilage is slow.

What is Hyaline Cartilage? Most common cartilage Where do you find it? On the ends of bone, joints, the soft part of the nose, and respiratory passage What is it’s function? Helps the growth of bones Helps to articulate the skeleton at the end of bones

What is Elastic cartilage? Similar to hayline cartilage, except that it is much more elastic. Where is it found? External ears and parts of the larynx What is its function? Very elastic and flexible so that it is able to withstand repeated bending

Fibrocartilage What is it? Where do you find it? What is its function? A very tough tissue Intermediate between cartilage and dense connective tissue Where do you find it? cushions bones in the knees and between vertebrates in the spinal column. What is its function? A shock absorber for structures that are subjected to pressure.

Where would you find it? What is Bone Tissue? Rigid and hard tissue formed by minerals such as Calcium Two forms: compact and spongy compact- forms shaft of long bones spongy – found at the end of bones, appears open and latticed- provides strength Where would you find it? The skeletal system throughout your body!

Bone What is the function? Internally supports the body structure Contains and produces red blood cells as well as calcium and phosphorus Heals more rapidly than cartilage

STOP. 1. Answer questions in your packet. Get an AP Buck. 2 STOP! 1. Answer questions in your packet. Get an AP Buck. 2. Review Supportive Connective Tissue activity- Foldable. 3. Slides for Microscope Lab activity

Fluid Connective Tissues Blood and Lymph

General Characteristics of Fluid Tissue Usually found in vessels throughout the body Transport of nutrients and wastes Maintains homeostasis in some way – redistributing materials/heat or absorbing dissolved solutes for removal

Blood Where would you find it? What is Blood Tissue? Red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets that are in a fluid of plasma. Where would you find it? Located in blood vessels Formed in the red marrow within the hollow parts of certain long bones

Blood What is the function? Transports materials between body cells Helps maintain stable internal homeostasis.

Lymph Tissue What is it? Clear, watery. Sometimes yellowish fluid from tissue fluid Contains white blood cells Where is it found? In lymphatic vessels found around cells and blood vessels

Lymph Tissue What is its function? Absorb excess tissue fluid and various dissolves solutes in tissues Absorb molecules from the small intestine Transport lymph to particular vessels in the cardiovascular system.

STOP. 1. Answer questions in your packet. Get an AP Buck. 2 STOP! 1. Answer questions in your packet. Get an AP Buck. 2. Review Fluid Connective Tissue activity- Foldable. 3. Slides for Microscope Lab activity

Muscle and Nervous Tissue

Q1: Which of the following is not a fibrous connective tissue? A: hyaline B: areolar C: tendons and ligaments D: adipose Q2: Name one general characteristic of connective tissue.

Muscle Tissues General Characteristics: They are contractile- the elongated cells can shorten and lengthen. As the contract, muscle fibers pull at the attached end causing body parts to move. Three types of muscle tissues: 1. Skeletal Muscle tissue 2. Smooth Muscle tissue 3. Cardiac Muscle tissue

Skeletal Muscle What is it? Where is it found? Voluntary muscle (controlled by conscious effort) Lots of nuclei in each cell Has striations Where is it found? In muscles that attach bone.

Skeletal Muscle What is its function? whole body movement

Skeletal Muscle

What is Smooth Muscle? Where is it? Short and spindle shaped cells, with single central nucleus, with No striations Where is it? The walls of organs (stomach, intestine, bladder, blood vessels) What is it’s function? Involuntary actions

What is cardiac muscle? Cells are striated and joined end to end. One nuclei Cells separated by intercalated disks Where do you find it? Only in the heart What is it’s function? Involuntarily pumps blood through the heart chambers and into blood vessels.

Cardiac Muscle

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Nervous Tissue

Nervous Tissue General characteristics There is JUST ONE! Main function is communication between cells and the brain Can “regenerate” dependent upon the type of injury or disorder present

Nervous Tissue What is it? Where is it? Made up neurons and neuroglia cells Where is it? The brain, spinal cord and peripheral nerves.

Nervous Tissue What is the function? Transmit nerve impulses to other neurons, muscles or glands. They communicate with other cells and muscles and tell body functions what to do.

STOP. 1. Answer questions in your packet. Get an AP Buck. 2 STOP! 1. Answer questions in your packet. Get an AP Buck. 2. Review Muscle and Nervous Tissue activity- Foldable. 3. Slides for Microscope Lab activity

Epithelial Tissues Simple squamous, simple cubodial, simple columnar, pseudostratified columanr, transitional, stratified squamous, stratified cubodial,

WarmUP – correct answers get an AP buck!! Q1: What are the three types of muscle tissue? Q2: What are the specific characteristics of each of the muscle tissues that distinguish them from each other? Q3: What are they eight different types of connective tissue? Name one function of each.

General Epithelial Tissues They are found throughout the body: covering organs, forming inner linings of body cavities . They are anchored to Connective Tissues by the basement membrane. They lack blood vessels. IF they do not have blood vessels how do you think they receive nutrients?

Answer: They receive their nutrients from the blood vessels of the connective tissue that they are connected to.

General Epithelial Tissues They divide rapidly. They are tightly packed together. They are classified according to their layers of cells.

Types of Epithelial Tissue Simple Squamous Cuboidal Columnar

Types of Epithelial Tissue Pseudostratified Columnar Transitional

Types of Epithelial Tissue Stratified Squamous Cuboidal Columnar

TYPES OF EPITHELIAL CELLS: Classified by layers Simple: composed of a single layer of cells. Stratified: those with two or more layers of cells. Squamous: Flattened cells. Cuboidal: Those with cubed shaped cells. Columnar: Elongated cells.

Simple Squamous Epithelium What is Simple Squamous Epithelium? Thin (One layer), flattened cells Fit tightly together with flat nuclei Substances pass through easily by diffusion Where would you find it? Lines the lungs Lines the walls of capillaries, blood and lymph vessels. What is its function? Helps gases exchange and other chemicals.

Simple Cubodial Epithelium What is Simple Cuboidal Epithelium? Single layer of cells Cubed shaped cells with a central nucleus. Where would you find it? Covers the ovaries. Lines the kidneys and ducts of certain glands such as: salivary glands, thyroid, pancreas and liver. What is its function? secretion and absorption of substances

Simple Columnar Epithelium What is Simple Columnar Epithelium? Elongated cells (longer than they are wide) Single layer of cells. Nucleus near the basement membrane Can have cilia that help in movement Where would you find it? Lines the uterus (help move eggs to uterus). Lines the organs of the digestive tract What is its function? Thick tissue to protect. Secretes digestive fluids and absorbs nutrients from digested food.

STOP. 1. Answer questions in your packet. Get an AP Buck. 2 STOP! 1. Answer questions in your packet. Get an AP Buck. 2. Review Epithelial Tissue activity- Foldable. 3. Slides for Microscope Lab activity

Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium What is Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium? Elongated cells (longer than they are wide) Appears to have more than one layer but does not. Nucleus is located at different ends which gives it the layer look. Have cilia Where would you find it? Lines the passage of the respiratory system. What is its function? Sticky to trap dust and microorganisms that enter with air. Goblet cells secrete mucus to help move dust.

Transitional Epithelium What is Transitional Epithelium? Specialized type of epithelium cells that Can be stretched or unstretched (ovals) Where would you find it? The liner of the bladder, ureters and urethra. What is its function? can change because of increased tension. help organs expand

STOP. 1. Answer questions in your packet. Get an AP Buck. 2 STOP! 1. Answer questions in your packet. Get an AP Buck. 2. Review Epithelial Tissue activity- Foldable. 3. Slides for Microscope Lab activity

Stratified Columnar Epithelium What is Stratified Columnar Epithelium? Several layers of columnar cells. Where would you find it? Male reproductive organs What is its function? Allows the organ to contract and stretch.

Stratified Cuboidal Epithelium What is Stratified Cuboidal Epithelium? 2 or 3 layers of cuboidal cells. Where would you find it? Lines the lumen Lines the glands: mammary glands, sweat glands, salivary glands, and pancreas. What is its function? Protects ducts of glands May let material in or out of the lumen

Stratified Squamous Epithelium What is Stratified Squamous Epithelium? Lots of layers of the cell. Flattened as cells divide and push the older ones outward Where would you find it? Forms the outer layer of the skin (your epidermis) Soft tissue part forms in the vagina What is its function? produce keratin- a protective material that prevents water and other substances from entering or leaving. Protects and lines the vagina without keratin.

STOP. 1. Answer questions in your packet. Get an AP Buck. 2 STOP! 1. Answer questions in your packet. Get an AP Buck. 2. Review Epithelial Tissue activity- Foldable. 3. Slides for Microscope Lab activity

STOP: Tissue Practice 1. Tissue worksheet practice QUITELY. 2 STOP: Tissue Practice 1. Tissue worksheet practice QUITELY!! 2. Tissue activity walk around. First without notes- see what you remember- second time with notes! 3. Tomorrow- Epithelial tissue microscope lab and practice.

Daily warm up 9/24 1. 2. 3. 4.

General Epithelial Tissues How do you think the characteristics we just listed relate to what epithelial tissues do? They divide rapidly- how does that help the body? Injuries can heal rapidly to these tissues, skin and stomach cells are continually damaged and replaced quickly.

General Epithelial Tissues They are tightly packed- how does this help the cell? They form protective barriers in places like the outer skin, and your mouth.