To Do 7 th HW assignment due Friday, April 10th by 10 pm. Quiz #5 on Friday, April 10 in Discussion. Continue reading Chapter 8 and doing the suggested homework. 1
Exam #2 High score: 75/80 Lon-Capa percentages are decreasing. #18: homework question (chapter 7, #116). The sum of the points so far is about 40% of the total possible points for the semester. 2
Overall Goal: Properties For example, why is water a liquid but methane a gas? To understand properties, we need to know molecular structure, which means we need to understand bonding, which is why we studied atomic structure. 3
Chemical Bond Force that holds groups of two or more atoms together and makes them function as a unit. Atoms will bond if the molecule is more stable than the two separated atoms (lower energy state). 4
Ionic Bonding 5
Clicker Question Consider different “sodium particles” (atom or ions) in separate evacuated containers. Which of the following sodium species is lowest in energy? a)Na b)Na + c)Na 2+ d)Na e)Na 2 6
Clicker Question Consider different “oxygen particles” (atom or ions) in separate evacuated containers. Which of the following oxygen species is lowest in energy? a)O b)O + c)O 2+ d)O e)O 2 7
Clicker Question Consider different “oxygen particles” (atom or ions) in separate evacuated containers. Which of the following oxygen species is second lowest in energy? a)O b)O + c)O 2+ d)O e)O 2 8
Elements/Ions Do Not “Want” To Lose Electrons! 9
Electron Affinity 10
Clicker Question Consider different “sodium particles” (atom or ions) in separate evacuated containers. Which of the following sodium species is lowest in energy? a)Na b)Na + c)Na 2+ d)Na e)Na 2 11
Clicker Question Consider different “oxygen particles” (atom or ions) in separate evacuated containers. Which of the following oxygen species is lowest in energy? a)O b)O + c)O 2+ d)O e)O 2 12
Clicker Question Consider different “oxygen particles” (atom or ions) in separate evacuated containers. Which of the following oxygen species is second lowest in energy? a)O b)O + c)O 2+ d)O e)O 2 13
Elements/Ions Do Not “Want” To Lose Electrons! 14
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A Covalent Bond 17