Higher School of Economics

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Higher School of Economics
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Higher School of Economics Structure of the Russian Higher Education System: Types of Russian Higher Education Institutions Yaroslav Kouzminov Rector Higher School of Economics www.hse.ru

Key Impact Factors on the Structure of the Russian Education System (1990s-2010s) Demographic changes and trends Higher education massification and increasing access Emergence of the private sector (private HEIs, tuition places in state HEIs) Appearance of new stakeholders (citizens, employers, etc.) having interests of their own Emergence of new economic sectors (new labor markets) and decline of a number of sectors Changing status of the academic profession Changing “rules of the game”: appearance of new mechanisms and redistribution of student flows in education (USE exam) and abandonment of old mechanisms (mandatory job placement for graduates) Public structural reforms in higher education International agenda of education reform and globalization Обобщены основные факторы , повлиявшие на изменение структуры системы.

Structure of the Russian Education System: Types of Higher Education Institutions HEI Types % of Russian national admissions Research universities 14% Infrastructural HEIs 24% Specialized industrial HEIs 13% Mass HEIs - including regional branches 43% Private HEIs Specialized Mass 6% Исследовательские вузы — это вузы, обладающие потенциалом для реализации глобально доминирующей модели исследовательского университета. Это национальные лидеры, привлекающие таланты со всей страны. Сегодня большая часть этих вузов имеет статус национальных исследовательских университетов. Эффективность этих университетов основывается на сохранившейся или появившейся за счет мощных усилий менеджмента и поддержки Министерства образования и науки исследовательской базе. 14% Инфраструктурные вузы — это вузы, обеспечивающие региональный рынок труда кадрами для «мягкой» (образование, здравоохранение, розничная торговля) и «твердой» (ЖКХ, транспорт) инфраструктуры экономики. Ориентированы на региональный прием, не ведут масштабной научно-исследовательской деятельности. Оценочно это 34% вузов (контингент студентов) Секторные вузы — это отраслевые вузы растущих или не очень пострадавших индустрий, а также социально-экономические и гуманитарные вузы, которые имеют устойчивый рынок труда для выпускников: часто они связаны с одной или несколькими крупными компаниями, в том числе государственными. Оценочно это 13% вузов (контингент студентов) Вузы фактического общего высшего образования обеспечивают почти тотальный доступ населения к высшему образованию, позволяют молодежи приобрести минимальные социальные навыки, подготовиться к взрослой жизни. Перечень направлений подготовки может быть любой, научной компоненты нет, основная функция — социализирующая, причем вузы выступают в роли социальных сейфов. Оценочно это 43% вузов (контингент студентов) Частные вузы можно разделить на вузы массового спроса (большинство) и нишевые (или «бутиковые»: РЭШ, МВШСЭН, Европейский университет в Санкт-Петербурге). Indicators: research productivity and intensiveness; level of competitiveness (in particular, on regional education markets); level and quality of HEI internal diversification (specialization); (in particular, for specialized industrial HEIs); ability to attract talents. Data: Federal State Statistics Service (Rosstat), Monitoring Study of Admissions Quality (HSE, 2009-2014), HEIs Effectiveness Monitoring (2012-2014). Sample: 426 state and 491 private HEIs , 1482 regional branches

5:100 Universities in Russian Higher Education  Indicators 5:100 universities Leading universities (National research univeristies & Federal universities) Public HEIs All HEIs Average score of Unified State Examination 74,9 69,1 63,5 58,3 R&D per faculty member, th.₽ 831,2 660,7 346,8 276,7 Share of foreign students, % 6,9 4,7 4,3 Share of master students 13,7 12,1 4,9 Citations in Web of Science per 100 faculty members 340,0 173,8 50,2 37,6 Number of publications Web of Science per 100 faculty members 30,8 17,7 5,0 4,1 Number of journals being published 9,2 8,4 3,4 2,5 Сравнение средних показателей вузов 5-100 с российскими вузами.

HEI Types Lacking in Russian Higher Education Current situation Target situation for assuring “healthy” system diversity Global research universities 15 HEIs of the 5-100 Program (2020) striving to enter global rankings 50 global universities Internationally oriented HEIs in the humanities and social sciences RSHU 10-15 HEIs Liberal arts universities Smolny Institute Specialized private HEIs with an engineering or medical nucleus Russian New University, Dubna University 15-20 HEIs Small master’s research universities New Economic School, European University in Saint-Petersburg 15-20 universities Предложенная грубая типология схватывает только основные укрупненные группы. Вместе с тем в системе всегда есть особые примеры, которые несмотря на собственную эксклюзивность могут быть представлены более широко – задавая «здоровое» многообразие системы, удовлетворяющее запросы общества. На слайде перечислены такие примеры.

Characteristics of the Flagship University Model Active positioning in HE system Works on a specific territory (country, macroregion or region) Selective student admissions National HE System Bachelor’s programs Master’s programs Graduate programs Research Involvement in international networks Mission: Education and Research Флагманский университет – это еще один тип, только появившийся в литературе. Его ввел совсем недавно (1-2 года) в дискурс Джон Дуглас, автор наиболее читаемой работы о Калифорнийском мастер-плане для высшего образования, руководитель центра изучения высшего образования в Беркли. Этот концепт введен в противовес доминирующей в образовательной политике и исследованиях модели «университета мирового класса». Из-за критики рейтингов и других глобальных соревнований, обедняющих национальные особенности и образовательные традиции, стоит обратить особое внимание на эту модель. Она сочетает заложенное в «world-class»-модели стремление к совершенству, но не универсализирует модель ведущего университета до модельных ориентиров американских исследовательских университетов. Involvement in national and regional development Technology transfer Continuing education Work with schools Social Function Institutional autonomy Multilevel governance system Academic freedom Quality assurance Governance and Accountability